2025年全球能源展望报告：能源转型的阻力与动力

Group 1: Energy Transition Overview - The report highlights that in 2024, clean energy investments reached $2 trillion, yet global CO2 emissions hit a record high, indicating uneven distribution of energy investment benefits and challenges from energy security, policy changes, and emerging technology demands [1][30][59] - Global energy demand is projected to grow slowly or decline, with significant increases in electricity demand driven by electrification in various sectors, particularly in Ambitious Climate scenarios [20][52] Group 2: Energy Development Trends - Oil demand is expected to peak around 2030 and decline thereafter, with significant regional differences in natural gas demand, particularly growth in developing countries [2][18] - Renewable energy capacity saw a record addition of 562 gigawatts in 2023, but achieving the COP28 target of tripling global renewable capacity by 2030 will require substantial additional capacity [66][70] Group 3: Regional Energy Dynamics - China leads in solar energy development, while India shows strong growth but remains behind China and the US; the global "East" region dominates solar demand but is experiencing a declining share [3][22] - In Africa, energy demand is expected to decline despite rapid population growth, with a significant energy poverty issue and low per capita electricity consumption [4][22] Group 4: Future Projections and Challenges - By 2050, renewable energy sources, particularly wind and solar, are projected to account for over 50% of electricity generation, with coal generation declining significantly across all scenarios [31][37] - The report emphasizes the need for enhanced policy support, technological innovation, and international cooperation to overcome the challenges facing global energy transition [4][30]