发改委：下功夫解决拖欠民企账款问题

Group 1 - The "Private Economy Promotion Law" will take effect on May 20, 2025, and is the first foundational law specifically targeting the development of the private economy in China [1] - The law consists of 9 chapters and 78 articles, focusing on fair competition, investment and financing promotion, technological innovation, standardized operations, service guarantees, and rights protection, aiming to optimize the development environment for the private economy [1][4] - The law emphasizes the principle of equality, with 26 mentions of terms like "equality," "fairness," and "equal treatment," reflecting its commitment to promoting the private economy throughout all processes and aspects [2] Group 2 - The law establishes a nationwide unified negative list for market access and enforces a fair competition review system, ensuring that market entities can operate under a "non-prohibited, just allowed" principle [3] - It guarantees that private economic organizations can equally use production factors such as capital, technology, human resources, data, and land, ensuring equal treatment [3] - The law protects the personal rights, property rights, and operational autonomy of private economic organizations and their operators, prohibiting any infringement [3] Group 3 - A series of supporting policies have been introduced, including a new market access negative list, regulations on payment to small and medium-sized enterprises, and measures for fair competition review [4] - The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) will focus on five key areas: removing barriers to market access, addressing payment arrears, legally protecting legitimate rights, implementing relief policies, and enhancing communication between government and enterprises [4] - The law introduces several "firsts," such as incorporating the principle of "two unwavering" into legislation and clearly defining the legal status of the private economy [4]