中国人民银行：2025年第一季度中国货币政策执行报告

Group 1: Monetary Credit Overview - The monetary credit and social financing scale have shown reasonable growth, with M2 increasing by 7.0% year-on-year and social financing stock growing by 8.4% as of the end of March [10][38][42] - New corporate loans and personal housing loan rates have decreased year-on-year, with specialized loans for small and medium enterprises and inclusive micro-loans growing faster than the overall loan growth rate [10][25][29] - The RMB exchange rate has remained stable at a reasonable equilibrium level, with the mid-price against the US dollar at 7.1782 yuan at the end of March, roughly unchanged from the end of the previous year [10][44] Group 2: Monetary Policy Operations - The central bank has implemented a moderately loose monetary policy, utilizing various tools to maintain ample liquidity and optimize credit policy service quality [8][50] - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) has adjusted the bidding method for the Medium-term Lending Facility (MLF) and improved the macro-prudential framework to enhance the effectiveness of monetary policy [8][54] - The PBOC has also focused on preventing and resolving financial risks while enhancing cross-border trade and investment service capabilities [8][50] Group 3: Financial Market Performance - The financial market has remained stable overall, with an increase in bond issuance and a significant rise in stock market trading volume and fundraising [2][3] - The issuance rate of government bonds has decreased, while corporate bond issuance rates have increased, indicating a mixed performance in the bond market [2][3] - Insurance premiums and assets have increased year-on-year, and there has been a rise in both spot and forward foreign exchange trading volumes [2][3] Group 4: Macroeconomic Situation - The global economic growth momentum is weakening, but China's economy has shown a good start with a GDP growth of 5.4% year-on-year in the first quarter [2][11] - Consumption growth has rebounded, investment levels have stabilized, and both imports and exports have continued to grow, indicating a positive trend across agriculture, industry, and services [2][11] - The overall employment situation remains stable, and the international balance of payments is maintained at a basic equilibrium [2][11] Group 5: Monetary Policy Trends - The PBOC aims to maintain reasonable growth in financing and monetary supply, with a focus on guiding credit policy to support economic recovery [5][12] - The next phase will involve implementing a moderately loose monetary policy while balancing short-term and long-term goals, as well as internal and external equilibria [11][12] - The PBOC will continue to deepen financial reform and promote high-quality financial development while ensuring the stability of the financial system [11][12]