汽车、船舶之后，美国考虑开征“飞机税”

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. Department of Commerce is considering imposing additional tariffs on imported aircraft and parts, following similar measures on automobiles and ships, which could significantly impact the aviation supply chain and related industries [1][2][14]. Group 1: Import and Export Data - In 2024, the U.S. is projected to import aircraft worth $62.1 billion and export aircraft worth $123.6 billion, indicating a substantial trade balance in favor of exports [4]. - Boeing primarily exports aircraft globally but relies on imported parts and materials, highlighting the interconnectedness of the supply chain [4][10]. Group 2: Impact on Aircraft Manufacturers - The potential tariffs could affect two main categories: aircraft imported from Europe and parts supplied globally to Boeing [5]. - Airbus, despite being a competitor, has a significant market presence in the U.S., with models like the A320 and A321 series being popular due to their operational efficiency [6][7]. Group 3: Supply Chain Implications - A single aircraft consists of approximately 3 million parts, and imposing a "plane tax" could disrupt Boeing's global supply chain, particularly affecting Japanese suppliers [8]. - Japanese manufacturers play a crucial role in Boeing's production, with significant contributions to models like the 787, where Japanese firms account for 35% of the production [9]. Group 4: Broader Economic Impact - The automotive industry in Japan, already affected by U.S. tariffs on cars, could face further challenges if tariffs extend to aircraft, potentially harming both Japanese and U.S. industries [15]. - The U.S. has also announced additional fees for ships, indicating a broader trend of increasing tariffs across various sectors, which could further strain international trade relationships [16].