东南亚人群基因密码破译，填补“最后一块拼图”

Core Insights - Southeast Asia is a crucial region for human evolution and cultural exchange, with nearly 300 million people and high genetic diversity, yet it has been underrepresented in genomic studies, making it a "last piece of the puzzle" in global population genomics [1] Group 1: Research Initiative - The Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Institute of Zoology has initiated the "China-Southwest and Southeast Asia Anthropology Joint Research Alliance (CASEAC)" involving 34 research teams from multiple Southeast Asian countries [3] - The research team has collected samples from over 30 ethnic groups across six countries, focusing on the genetic diversity of Southeast Asian populations [4] Group 2: Findings and Contributions - The study completed whole-genome sequencing for 3,023 individuals, creating the most comprehensive dataset of genetic variations in Southeast Asian populations, known as SEA3K [4] - The research reveals the genetic variation patterns influenced by ancient population differentiation, admixture, adaptation, and gene flow from archaic humans like Denisovans, redefining the geographical boundaries of human prehistoric evolution [6] - Key genes related to tropical environmental adaptation were identified, providing insights into the genetic mechanisms behind traits such as dark skin, short stature, and malaria resistance [6] Group 3: Future Directions - Following the success of the SEA3K project, the second phase, SEA10K, has been launched to create a high-resolution genomic map covering the entire Southeast Asia region, aiming to enhance disease control and promote scientific and cultural exchanges [7]