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Group 1 - Recent power outages in London and the Iberian Peninsula have raised concerns about the reliability of infrastructure in developed countries [2][3][4] - On May 12, a significant power failure caused multiple London Underground lines to shut down, stranding passengers for hours [3][4] - A previous incident in March at Heathrow Airport resulted in the disruption of 1,350 flights and affected 290,000 passengers due to a transformer fire [4][5] Group 2 - The outages highlight the fragility of Europe's aging power grid, which is not equipped to handle modern energy demands [8][19] - Spain and Portugal experienced extensive outages in April, with major cities like Madrid and Lisbon facing significant disruptions, affecting over 60 million people [5][8] - The reliance on renewable energy sources has been criticized, although Spanish officials have denied that the recent outages were due to an excess of renewable energy [9][10] Group 3 - The transition to renewable energy in Europe has not been matched by upgrades to the electrical grid, leading to inefficiencies and vulnerabilities [11][12] - The UK has closed all coal power plants and aims for a carbon-free power system by 2035, while Portugal and Spain are also increasing their renewable energy shares [10][18] - The European power grid is largely outdated, with about 40% of distribution networks over 40 years old, necessitating an estimated €584 billion (approximately 4.7 trillion RMB) for modernization by 2030 [19][20] Group 4 - The lack of a coordinated approach among European countries for power distribution exacerbates the issue, as countries often operate independently without mutual support during shortages [24][25] - The slow pace of regulatory processes for new power projects in Europe contributes to the ongoing challenges in upgrading the grid [16][17] - The increasing demand for electricity due to climate change and technological advancements further stresses the existing infrastructure [28][29]