印度首提反制！拟对美商品加税

Core Viewpoint - India's recent proposal to impose retaliatory tariffs on certain US goods marks a significant shift in its trade strategy, moving from a passive approach to an active defense of its economic interests in response to US tariffs on Indian steel and aluminum products [1][2][3] Summary by Relevant Sections Trade Tensions and Background - Since 2018, the US has imposed tariffs of 25% on steel and 10% on aluminum imports under the guise of "safeguard measures," which have directly impacted approximately $7.6 billion worth of Indian exports to the US, leading to an estimated tariff revenue of $1.91 billion for the US [1][2] - India's steel industry, particularly companies like Jindal Stainless in Odisha, has been significantly affected, as they rely heavily on exports to the US to maintain production capacity [1] Shift in India's Trade Strategy - Initially, India adopted a conciliatory approach, focusing on bilateral trade agreement negotiations, even reducing import tariffs on around 8,500 industrial products, including sensitive US goods [2] - However, as US tariffs escalated and procedural deficiencies in the US's actions were identified, India shifted to a more assertive stance, emphasizing the need for "substantive equivalence" in trade adjustments [2][3] Strategic Implications - India's actions at the WTO reflect a broader transition from passive adaptation to proactive utilization of international trade rules to safeguard its rights [3][4] - The country's economic growth and enhanced international standing, particularly as the G20 rotating president, have empowered it to assert its interests more vigorously [4][5] Global Trade Dynamics - India's proposal for retaliatory tariffs serves as a case study for resolving global trade disputes within the framework of multilateral rules, contrasting with the unilateral approaches often seen [5][6] - The situation underscores the necessity for the US to respect multilateral trade rules and engage in dialogue rather than relying solely on tariffs [5][6] Long-term Perspective - India's actions may signify a broader adjustment in global trade dynamics, where emerging economies increasingly influence international economic rules, promoting a more inclusive and balanced trade environment [6]