专家：应打破观念壁垒，提升男性在生育健康中的参与意识

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of prenatal health and genetic screening in enhancing family happiness and reducing birth defects, highlighting the need for increased awareness and male participation in reproductive health [1][2]. Group 1: Importance of Prenatal Health - Prenatal health is crucial for family happiness, with advancements in medical technology allowing for the prevention of many birth defects through prenatal screening and genetic diagnosis [1]. - The overall health level of newborns in China has improved significantly due to enhanced capabilities in preventing birth defects [1]. Group 2: Genetic Factors and Regional Variations - Genetic mutations are the root cause of birth defects, with certain hereditary diseases showing regional prevalence in China, such as thalassemia in the south and neural tube defects in the north [2]. - There is a higher incidence of birth defects in rural or economically underdeveloped areas compared to urban regions, indicating a need for improved public education [2]. Group 3: Shared Responsibility in Reproductive Health - Mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression, can affect reproductive health, emphasizing that both partners share the responsibility for reproductive health [2]. - Male factors contribute to approximately 40% of infertility cases, and lifestyle choices like smoking and obesity can increase risks for the fetus [2]. Group 4: Recommendations for Couples - Couples are advised to undergo health check-ups and fertility assessments, manage chronic conditions, and consult genetic experts if necessary [3]. - Pregnant women should start taking folic acid three months before conception and maintain a balanced diet while managing their weight to reduce risks of complications and birth defects [3]. Group 5: Early Pregnancy Precautions - The early stages of pregnancy are critical for organ development, and pregnant women should be cautious of infections that could harm fetal development [4]. - Approximately 10%-15% of pregnancies may end in miscarriage, highlighting the importance of seeking medical attention for any abnormalities during early pregnancy [4].