科学防治高血压 警惕年轻化

Core Viewpoint - The prevalence of hypertension is increasing, particularly among younger populations, highlighting the need for early prevention and effective management strategies [2][4][7]. Group 1: Hypertension Prevalence - The adult hypertension prevalence in China is reported at 27.8%, affecting approximately 245 million individuals, with nearly 50% of those aged 65 and older diagnosed with hypertension [4]. - The incidence of hypertension among young adults aged 20 to 39 has surged by 144.4% from 1991 to 2015, while the prevalence among middle-aged individuals (40 to 59 years) has increased by 87% [4]. Group 2: Diagnosis and Early Prevention - Clinical diagnostic standards define ideal blood pressure as below 120/80 mmHg, with prehypertension classified as systolic pressure between 120-139 mmHg or diastolic pressure between 80-89 mmHg [5]. - Hypertension can be diagnosed if blood pressure readings are 140/90 mmHg or higher on three separate occasions without medication [5]. Group 3: Health Risks and Management - Hypertension is a significant contributor to cardiovascular diseases, accounting for 70% of conditions such as strokes and heart attacks [7]. - Lifestyle modifications, including regular exercise, limiting salt intake to under 5 grams per day, and avoiding high-fat and high-sugar foods, are recommended for prevention and control [8]. Group 4: Medication and Treatment - Adherence to prescribed medication is crucial, with an emphasis on starting treatment early and considering combination therapy if single medications are ineffective [10]. - Commonly available medications have undergone rigorous clinical trials, showing minimal impact on liver and kidney function, with only mild side effects [10]. - Misconceptions about home remedies and alcohol consumption for blood pressure management are addressed, indicating limited effectiveness and potential risks associated with excessive alcohol intake [10][12].