2024年促进有效的能源转型报告

Energy Transition Status and Challenges - The global energy transition has made progress in sustainability, with renewable energy capacity increasing significantly, showing a 50% growth in 2023 compared to 2022. China accounted for a substantial portion of this growth in solar photovoltaic installations, matching the total global capacity added in 2022 [1] - Energy security risks have intensified due to geopolitical tensions, particularly in Europe, which has shifted from Russian gas to coal, resulting in increased carbon emissions. Additionally, energy equity remains a critical issue, with 770 million people still lacking access to electricity [1] - The momentum for energy transition has slowed, with the global Energy Transition Index (ETI) showing a compound annual growth rate of only 0.22% over the past three years, down from 0.83% in 2021 [1] Key Dimension Performance - System Performance: Sustainability scores have increased by 6% over the past decade, while equity scores have decreased by 1%, influenced by energy price volatility and subsidy policies. High-income countries excel in energy security but lag in sustainability due to high energy intensity [2] - Transition Readiness: Key drivers include policy frameworks, infrastructure, and human capital. Emerging economies like China and South Korea excel in renewable energy infrastructure, but innovation growth is slowing. In 2023, global clean energy investments reached $1.8 trillion, with 90% concentrated in developed economies and China, leaving emerging markets with less than 15% [2] Regional and National Disparities - Nordic countries such as Sweden and Denmark lead in ETI rankings due to diversified energy structures and effective policies. Emerging economies like China and Brazil are advancing in renewable energy but still rely heavily on coal, leading to higher emissions [3] - Sub-Saharan Africa has made significant strides in energy equity, improving access, but lacks international investment and infrastructure support. Oil-exporting countries perform well in security and equity but score low in sustainability, necessitating reinvestment in energy transition [3] Future Pathways and Actions - The report advocates for "tailored transition pathways" that consider regional, income, and resource-specific strategies. Europe should enhance grid upgrades and renewable deployment, while Asia needs to address energy equity and coal dependency. Africa should leverage distributed renewable energy to improve accessibility [4] - Policy and technology recommendations include implementing carbon pricing, reducing fossil fuel subsidies, and promoting AI and digital technologies to enhance energy system efficiency, potentially saving over $500 billion annually for energy companies [5] - Global collaboration is essential, with developed nations urged to provide financing and technology transfer to developing countries. By 2030, clean energy investments in emerging markets need to increase from $270 billion to $1.6 trillion to meet global climate goals [5] Summary - The global energy transition is at a critical juncture, with notable advancements in renewable energy and policy frameworks. However, challenges such as geopolitical tensions, uneven funding distribution, and technological gaps persist. The report emphasizes the need for customized strategies, international cooperation, and technological innovation to accelerate the transition towards an equitable, secure, and sustainable energy system, aiming for net-zero emissions by 2050 [6]