美进口零部件关税“破坏性更大”

Core Points - The U.S. has officially imposed a 25% tariff on imported key automotive parts, effective May 3, 2023, with exemptions for parts from Mexico and Canada that comply with the USMCA [2][3] - The automotive industry, including manufacturers and suppliers, has expressed strong opposition to the tariffs, warning of potential price increases, decreased sales, and disruptions to supply chains [2][3] - The tariffs are expected to have a more severe impact on the automotive industry than previous tariffs on imported vehicles [3][9] Industry Impact - The new tariffs will add significant costs to automotive production, with estimates suggesting an average additional tariff of $4,000 per vehicle, potentially leading to billions in extra costs for companies like General Motors and Ford [4][10] - The U.S. imported approximately 8 million vehicles last year, with 40%-50% of parts sourced domestically, indicating a heavy reliance on foreign parts [3][4] - The tariffs are likely to disrupt global supply chains, as many automakers depend on parts from multiple countries, complicating production processes [9] Regional Effects - South Korea and Japan, major exporters of automotive parts to the U.S., are expected to face significant challenges due to the tariffs, with South Korea's exports to the U.S. reaching approximately $13.5 billion last year [7][8] - The tariffs could lead to increased production costs for South Korean automakers, potentially affecting their competitiveness in the U.S. market [7] - Japan's automotive parts exports to the U.S. were about $8.5 billion last year, making it the second-largest category of exports after complete vehicles [8] Corporate Responses - Companies like Ford and General Motors have already adjusted their profit forecasts downward due to the anticipated impact of the tariffs, with Ford estimating a $1.5 billion profit loss [10] - Suppliers are also concerned, with companies like Denso and Aisin reporting plans to pass on tariff costs to customers and adjust their supply chains accordingly [10] - The tariffs are expected to increase costs for consumers, with estimates suggesting that the cost of producing vehicles in the U.S. could rise by $2,000 to $12,000 [9]