儿童青少年时期体重管理应该注意哪些事项？专家建议

Core Viewpoint - The National Health Commission emphasizes the importance of addressing obesity in children and adolescents, highlighting the differences in obesity assessment between adults and children, and the need for effective weight management strategies [1][2]. Group 1: Obesity Assessment Standards - The criteria for determining obesity differ between children and adults, with adults using a fixed BMI value, while children's BMI is assessed based on age and gender percentiles [1]. - For adults, a BMI of 24 or higher is considered overweight, and a BMI of 28 or higher is classified as obese [1]. - For children, a BMI between the 85th and 95th percentiles indicates overweight, while a BMI above the 95th percentile is classified as obese [1]. Group 2: Causes and Complications of Obesity - The majority of obesity cases in children and adolescents are attributed to nutritional factors, specifically excessive eating and insufficient physical activity [1]. - Obesity in children can lead to various complications, including hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, liver dysfunction, fatty liver, hypertension, and prediabetes [1]. Group 3: Weight Management Recommendations - Effective weight management for children and adolescents involves lifestyle improvements, particularly balanced nutrition and regular physical activity [2]. - A balanced diet should include high-quality proteins, fresh vegetables, moderate fruits, nuts, and dairy, while minimizing intake of fats and sugary beverages [2]. - Children aged 3 to 5 should engage in ample outdoor activities, while those aged 6 to 17 should aim for at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity daily [2]. - Collaboration between sports institutions and healthcare providers is crucial for developing personalized treatment plans for obesity management [2].