人工智能至今仍不是现代科学，人们却热衷用四种做法来粉饰它

Group 1 - The term "artificial intelligence" was formally introduced at a conference in 1956 at Dartmouth College, marking the beginning of efforts to replicate human intelligence through modern science and technology [1] - Alan Turing is recognized as the father of artificial intelligence due to his introduction of the "Turing Test" in 1950, which provides a method to determine if a machine can exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to a human [1][3] - The Turing Test involves a human evaluator interacting with an isolated "intelligent agent" through a keyboard and display, where if the evaluator cannot distinguish between the machine and a human, the machine is considered intelligent [3][5] Group 2 - The Turing Test is characterized as a subjective evaluation method rather than an objective scientific test, as it relies on human judgment rather than consistent measurable criteria [6][9] - Despite claims of machines passing the Turing Test, such as Eugene Goostman in 2014, there is no consensus that these machines possess human-like thinking capabilities, highlighting the limitations of the Turing Test as a scientific standard [6][8] - Turing's original paper contains subjective reasoning and speculative assertions, which, while valuable for exploration, do not meet the rigorous standards of scientific argumentation [8][9] Group 3 - The field of artificial intelligence has been criticized for lacking a solid scientific foundation, often relying on conjecture and analogy rather than empirical evidence [10][19] - The emergence of terms like "scaling law" in AI research reflects a trend of using non-scientific concepts to justify claims about machine learning performance, which may not hold true under scrutiny [16][17] - Historical critiques, such as those from Hubert L. Dreyfus in 1965, emphasize the need for a deeper scientific understanding of AI rather than superficial advancements based on speculative ideas [18][19] Group 4 - The ongoing development of AI as a practical technology has achieved significant progress, yet it remains categorized as a modern craft rather than a fully-fledged scientific discipline [20][21] - Future advancements in AI should adhere to the rational norms of modern science and technology, avoiding the influence of non-scientific factors on its development [21]