关税2.0时代，企业如何重构海外供应链？

Core Insights - The global political and economic landscape is evolving under Trump's second term, with the U.S. market still holding strategic value for Chinese companies' globalization efforts [1] - Chinese enterprises need to enhance their capabilities in international rule interpretation and establish dynamic response mechanisms in supply chain restructuring and compliance management [1] Group 1: Trade Policy and Tariffs - Trump's trade policy is characterized by five strategic directions, including unilateral trade policies and the weakening of multilateral rules [3][4] - Tariff mechanisms include IEEPA tariffs raising Chinese imports by 20%, 232 tariffs on steel and aluminum products, and a significant increase in counter-tariffs on Chinese goods [4] - The Geneva Joint Statement led to a temporary suspension of tariff increases on certain goods, indicating a phase of balance in tariff negotiations [4] Group 2: Supply Chain Risks and Compliance - Supply chain risk management is crucial for internationalization, with origin rules posing significant risks [5] - Common misconceptions about origin rules can lead to unnecessary tariff burdens and compliance risks, emphasizing the need for a detailed understanding of U.S. customs regulations [5] - ESG compliance has become a global regulatory focus, requiring companies to integrate supply chain compliance with ESG management to navigate complex international regulations [6] Group 3: Economic Sanctions and Legal Risks - Chinese companies engaging in U.S. business must adhere to U.S. economic sanctions to avoid severe penalties and asset freezes [7] - The "long-arm jurisdiction" of U.S. law poses significant challenges for Chinese enterprises, with many facing legal difficulties due to unfamiliarity with U.S. legal systems [8] - Key legal challenges include a lack of understanding of U.S. legal rules, external pressures from trade tensions, and high costs associated with legal compliance [9] Group 4: Supply Chain Restructuring Strategies - Companies are encouraged to adopt strategic supply chain restructuring to mitigate risks and enhance efficiency, with three main approaches suggested: relocating production to third countries, separating overseas and domestic operations, and establishing local production in the U.S. [10][11]