全方位扩大国内需求的深刻内涵和实施重点（深入学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想·学习《习近平经济文选》第一卷专家谈）

Core Viewpoint - Expanding domestic demand is essential for China's economic stability and growth, as emphasized in Xi Jinping's economic thoughts, particularly in the context of increasing external uncertainties and the need for high-quality development [1][2]. Group 1: Domestic Demand Expansion - Domestic demand is identified as the fundamental driving force for China's economic development, crucial for meeting the growing needs of the population [1]. - The 2024 Central Economic Work Conference proposed a comprehensive approach to expand domestic demand, supported by the recently issued "Special Action Plan to Boost Consumption" [1][2]. - The relationship between consumption and investment is highlighted, where increased consumption drives investment, and effective investment can stimulate new consumption [2]. Group 2: Consumption Potential - China's consumption is still relatively insufficient compared to its GDP of over 130 trillion yuan and a population of over 1.4 billion, indicating significant potential for growth [3]. - In 2024, per capita GDP is expected to exceed $13,000, with a shift in consumption patterns towards services and experiences, as evidenced by a decrease in the Engel coefficient to 29.8% [4]. - The service consumption share is projected to reach 46.1% of total consumption, indicating a strong growth trend and substantial room for further expansion [4]. Group 3: Investment Opportunities - Investment is viewed as a means to enhance capital accumulation, with current labor capital stock at about two-thirds of the world average, necessitating increased effective investment [7]. - Infrastructure and social welfare sectors present significant investment potential, as many facilities are aging and require upgrades to meet high-quality development standards [7][8]. - The transition towards green and low-carbon development is expected to create substantial investment needs, with estimates suggesting that achieving carbon neutrality will require investments exceeding 2% of GDP [9]. Group 4: Policy Implementation - The need for a systematic approach to policy integration and collaboration is emphasized to create a conducive environment for expanding domestic demand [13][14]. - A proactive fiscal policy is necessary to direct funds towards social welfare and support projects that stimulate both investment and consumption [13]. - Coordination among various policy areas, including fiscal, monetary, and industrial policies, is crucial for effectively expanding domestic demand [14].