电车起火，电池新国标也杜绝不了｜工程师来信

Core Viewpoint - The new national standard for electric vehicle batteries in China aims to enhance safety by implementing stricter requirements, particularly regarding fire and explosion prevention, while acknowledging that no technology can completely eliminate the risk of battery fires [1][2][11]. Group 1: New National Standards - The new standard, GB38031-2025, modifies previous requirements by mandating that batteries must not catch fire or explode, and that smoke must not harm passengers [1][2]. - New testing methods have been introduced, including internal heating tests to simulate harsher conditions, in addition to existing external heating and puncture tests [2][8]. - The new standards also include bottom impact tests and safety tests after fast charging cycles, which battery manufacturers must meet [8][10]. Group 2: Battery Safety and Technology - Achieving safety at the pack level (NTP) is not sufficient; extreme conditions cannot be fully covered by current testing methods, indicating that driver behavior remains crucial for safety [3][4]. - The intrinsic safety of individual battery cells is significant for the overall safety of the battery pack, with safer cell designs contributing to compliance with national safety standards [5][11]. - Material choices, such as using polyimide (PI) for separators instead of polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE), could enhance safety, although cost and commercial viability are challenges [7][12]. Group 3: Industry Implications - The new standards may lead to a reshuffling among battery material suppliers, but many manufacturers already adhere to high standards, minimizing upstream impacts [12]. - The enforcement of the new standards may require stronger penalties to deter potential shortcuts in manufacturing processes, as merely raising standards may not eliminate all risks [13].