全国爱眼日：青少年白内障防治需警惕遗传风险，关注视功能保护

Core Viewpoint - The increasing concern over eye health issues among adolescents, particularly cataracts, necessitates scientific prevention and treatment strategies, as highlighted by the Director of the Ophthalmology Department at the PLA General Hospital, Li Chaohui [2][3] Group 1: Causes and Risk Factors - The causes of adolescent cataracts are complex, involving both congenital and acquired factors, such as genetic mutations and viral infections during pregnancy [3] - Congenital cataracts can be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, increasing the risk of early-onset cataracts, while acquired factors include trauma, systemic diseases like diabetes, and nutritional deficiencies [3] - Adolescents with a family history of cataracts should undergo eye examinations every 1-3 years, focusing on vision and slit-lamp checks [2] Group 2: Symptoms and Diagnosis - Typical symptoms of adolescent cataracts include blurred vision, a "cloudy" perception, and progressive vision loss, which may be mistaken for worsening myopia [3] - It is essential to conduct slit-lamp examinations alongside refraction tests to rule out lens opacities [3] Group 3: Treatment Considerations - Surgical intervention for adolescent cataracts should be based on the degree of lens opacity and its impact on daily life; surgery is not mandatory if vision is not significantly affected [3] - If cataracts severely impair vision, ultrasound phacoemulsification surgery is recommended, although preserving the natural lens is preferred when possible to maintain visual quality [3]