2025年机场行业分析-联合资信

Industry Overview and Classification System - The airport industry is a core infrastructure of the comprehensive transportation system in China, characterized by its strategic and public service nature, with construction and fees strictly regulated by the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) [1][6] - As of the end of 2024, there are 263 civil transport airports in China, classified into three categories based on traffic volume: Class 1 Level 1 (Beijing Capital, Shanghai Pudong, Guangzhou), Class 1 Level 2 (Shenzhen, Chengdu, Shanghai Hongqiao), and Class 2 (20 airports including Kunming, Chongqing) [1][6][7] - Airport revenue is divided into aviation-related (public service) and non-aviation-related (profit-generating) businesses [1][6] Policy Environment and Development Direction - Industry policies focus on optimizing fee mechanisms and hub construction, maintaining government-guided prices for aviation-related services while gradually marketizing non-aviation services to improve revenue structure [2][8] - The "3+7+N" international aviation hub system aims to enhance international transfer capabilities and freight functions, with plans to be basically formed by 2025 and fully completed by 2035 [2][9] - Revised subsidy policies for regional aviation focus on supporting the development of small and medium airports [2][9] Industry Operation and Regional Characteristics - In 2024, the industry fully recovered, with passenger throughput reaching 1.46 billion (up 15.9%), cargo throughput at 20.06 million tons (up 19.2%), and takeoff and landing operations at 12.40 million (up 5.9%), all exceeding 2019 levels, although international passenger traffic recovered to only 71.2% of 2019 levels [3][13][18] - The eastern region leads in airport performance due to economic and population advantages, with key airport clusters contributing to 50.74% of national passenger throughput and 69.62% of cargo throughput [3][21] Supply and Demand Structure and Competitive Landscape - The "14th Five-Year Plan" aims to increase the number of airports to 270, with fixed asset investment of 135 billion yuan in 2024, and major expansion projects in airports like Guangzhou Baiyun and Wuhan Tianhe [3][25][26] - The demand for domestic travel and air logistics remains strong, with the recovery of international routes and the "air-rail intermodal" model mitigating high-speed rail diversion effects [3][25] - The industry exhibits a regional monopoly structure, with competition being mild due to differences in economic hinterland and functional positioning [3][25][31] Future Outlook - The industry benefits from the "14th Five-Year" civil aviation development plan, indicating a rapid growth phase, with stable rating outlooks [3][33] - Domestic passenger and cargo transport is expected to grow steadily, while international passenger recovery continues [3][33] - Capacity expansion and airspace optimization will support long-term development, with further marketization of non-aviation businesses enhancing profit potential [3][33]