健全资源环境要素市场化配置体系有哪些要点难点？

Core Viewpoint - The recent issuance of the "Opinions on Improving the Market-oriented Allocation System for Resource and Environmental Factors" by the Central Committee and the State Council aims to promote market transactions of carbon emission rights, water rights, and pollution rights, which is a significant step towards achieving a green transformation of the economy and society [1] Group 1: Market Development - The market for pollution rights, energy rights, water rights, and carbon emission rights has already been established, with plans for further expansion as the market matures [2] - The "Opinions" emphasize the need to gradually expand the national carbon emission trading market's industry coverage, diversify trading subjects, and enrich trading varieties and methods [2] Group 2: Pricing Mechanism - Establishing a scientific pricing mechanism for resource and environmental factors is challenging due to their public and economic nature, as well as significant regional price differences [3] - The pricing mechanism should consider market value, scarcity, potential impacts, and ecological product value, ensuring prices fluctuate within a reasonable range based on supply and demand [3] Group 3: Market Infrastructure - The construction of the resource and environmental factor market requires a transparent, efficient, and legally compliant framework to ensure market safety and reliability [3] - Modern information technology and artificial intelligence should be utilized to create an efficient and convenient trading market, while ensuring fairness in algorithm mechanisms to protect participants' rights [3] Group 4: Supporting Services - The resource and environmental factor market relies on a robust surrounding service system, including accounting, valuation, consulting, legal services, and green financial products [4] - Strengthening the surrounding service system is essential for the sustainable development of the resource and environmental factor market [4]