充分发挥绿色金融牵引作用，完善绿色金融标准体系和基础制度，是推动金融支持经济社会发展全面绿 色转型和美丽中国建设的重要举措。绿色债券作为绿色金融体系的重要组成部分，在助推企业绿色转型 过程中，发挥着越来越重要的作用。笔者建议，应加强系统性规划，实施整体性推进，从多维度推动绿 色债券市场高质量发展。 根据绿色债券的发展形势和实际需求，需要全方位提升绿色债券服务效能。 一是丰富发行主体，紧贴企业需求。通过拓宽行业覆盖范围，将汽车制造、水泥、纺织与有机农业等非 传统生态环保行业纳入转型债券发行人主体范围，以满足这些行业绿色转型的融资需求。优化政策支持 机制，引导强化金融机构参与，政策性银行通过绿色债券发行、承销等业务，在绿色金融领域发挥先导 作用，同时商业银行等金融机构通过专项质押折扣系数等方式提升绿色债券流动性。完善配套机制，将 绿色债券承销情况纳入金融机构执业评价，鼓励更多机构参与绿色金融业务，并定期公示典型案例以吸 引投资人。 四是加强专业人才培养。加强绿色金融人才培养，建立一支熟悉绿色债券业务的专业队伍。将理论学习 与行业实践相结合，通过金融机构与高校合作开设绿色金融课程，培养一批具有碳交易、环境效益评估 ...

2025年是"十四五"规划收官之年，也是"十五五"规划谋篇布局之年。6月30日召开的生态环境部党组会 议强调，要聚焦美丽中国建设目标，高质量编制"十五五"生态环境保护规划，系统设计一批具有全局 性、战略性和示范性的重大工程。 大力谋划生态环境领域重大工程项目，不仅是推动生态环境质量全面改善的必然要求，更是推动美丽中 国建设、促进经济社会发展全面绿色转型的关键举措。当前，政策红利持续释放、资金保障机制不断优 化、科技革命全面赋能，为生态环境领域前瞻性、系统性谋划重大工程提供了前所未有的历史机遇。 要不断优化资金保障机制。一是深化EOD（生态环境导向的开发）模式。"十四五"时期，一些项目通过 EOD模式，优化项目设计，有效导入关联产业，落实土地等资源保障，建立紧密的"治理效果—开发收 益"捆绑机制，在一定程度上形成了稳定可预期的现金流闭环，实现了"以生态环境改善提升区域价值， 以价值提升回馈生态环保投入"的良性循环。这些好的经验做法应继续坚持，并在此基础上进一步深 化。二是拓宽生态价值转化路径，建立健全GEP核算体系与生态产品交易制度，挖掘生态资源资产化潜 力。浙江松阳案例（生态资产打包抵押融资）、江苏盐城东台案 ...

Core Viewpoint - The construction of a "cool city" in Haikou, Hainan Province, is a systematic practice aimed at addressing urban heat island effects through ecological foundations, spatial reconstruction, technological empowerment, and institutional innovation, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for residents [1][2][8]. Group 1: Ecological Foundations - Haikou is implementing a "wetland+" governance model to protect and enhance its wetland areas, which cover over 32,000 hectares, representing a wetland rate of 13.32%. This includes various projects that integrate water body management and coastal protection [3][4]. - The city has established a comprehensive ecological cooling network, utilizing natural elements such as wetlands and vegetation to function as natural "cool sources" [2][3]. Group 2: Spatial Reconstruction - Haikou has transformed underutilized urban spaces into 174 "pocket parks," increasing the park green space to 26.39 million square meters, with a per capita green space of 12.1 square meters [4][5]. - The city prioritizes the protection of key water bodies and the construction of ventilation corridors in its land use planning, ensuring natural airflow into urban areas [5][6]. Group 3: Technological Empowerment - The design and material selection in buildings are crucial for the "cool city" initiative, with passive and active measures being employed to reduce heat loads [6][7]. - Notable examples include the use of high-reflective materials in the construction of the Hainan Provincial Party School, which has over 70% of its exterior surfaces reflecting at least 0.4 of solar radiation [6][7]. Group 4: Systematic Governance Insights - The "cool city" initiative demonstrates the importance of a systematic governance approach, integrating ecological, spatial, architectural, and institutional elements to create a cohesive cooling strategy [7][8]. - The initiative emphasizes the need for climate adaptability in urban governance, ensuring that climate considerations are embedded in planning and design processes [7][8]. Group 5: Economic and Ecological Benefits - The "cool city" construction aligns with green and low-carbon development goals, showcasing how ecological benefits can be integrated with public welfare, such as the creation of green spaces and improved urban comfort [8]. - The transformation of urban structures and energy systems through the "cool" initiative is seen as a pathway to achieving carbon neutrality goals [8].

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of the "Carbon Neutrality Science and Engineering" major in universities reflects a synchronization between talent supply and industry development, addressing the significant talent gap in the carbon neutrality sector [1][2] Group 1: Talent Supply and Demand - There is a notable talent shortage in the carbon neutrality field, with an estimated gap of nearly one million professionals during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, while the current workforce is around 100,000, most of whom have transitioned from other fields [1] - The new major aims to fill this talent gap by emphasizing systematic thinking and interdisciplinary integration, covering areas such as energy, environment, and artificial intelligence [1] Group 2: Curriculum and Training - The curriculum includes core courses like carbon emission monitoring and assessment, carbon sinks, and ecological restoration, with universities tailoring their programs based on their unique strengths [1] - For instance, Beijing University of Science and Technology integrates materials science with computer and economic management, while Kunming University of Science and Technology focuses on low-carbon governance aligned with local ecological characteristics [1] Group 3: Industry Alignment - The training of carbon neutrality professionals is closely aligned with industry needs, preparing graduates for roles in renewable energy research, industrial low-carbon technology transformation, carbon footprint accounting, and carbon asset management [2] - Collaborations with companies, such as the establishment of practice bases with Baowu Steel Group by Beijing University of Science and Technology, highlight the practical application of the training [2]

日前，生态环境部办公厅印发《关于严格规范生态环境行政检查 大力提升执法质效的通知》（以下简 称《通知》），聚焦日常检查年度频次管控、行政检查范围界定等关键环节，为基层生态环境部门破解 多头检查、执法能力不足等难题提供了明确指引。基层生态环境部门要将《通知》要求落到实处，实 现"既不越位、也不缺位"。 创新方式方法，提升监管效能。充分利用污染源自动监控、视频监控、卫星遥感等科技手段，对合规企 业实行"远程体检"，强化风险预警，精准识别异常线索和高风险对象。全面推行移动执法系统应用，实 现检查信息现场录入、实时上传。对非现场监管发现的异常线索和高风险对象，精准实施现场核查，集 中力量打击恶意环境违法行为。实施有针对性的执法培训，提升执法人员业务素养和新技术应用能力。 按需配齐现场快速检测仪器等装备，为精准发现问题提供支撑。 科学统筹检查计划，控制检查频次。一是科学统筹检查计划并进行分级分类。整合各业务条线和执法机 构检查需求，统筹制定并公布年度行政检查计划，实行清单化管理。以排污许可管理类别、企业环境信 用评价结果为基础，结合地方实际，综合考虑污染物排放类型、规模、环境风险等因素，动态调整企业 监管等级。明确各类 ...

这一创新性务实举措，通过精准匹配企业与污水处理厂的实际需求，既让企业降低了废水预处理的治污 成本，又为污水处理厂提供了稳定的碳源补给，污染防治工作由"各扫门前雪"转向"抱团打通关"。这种 灵活施策、降本增效的互利性实践模式，彰显了生态环境部门的惠企温度，也探索出了一条排污不增 量、发展添动能的新路径，这种两全其美的创新思路与操作逻辑值得各地结合实际借鉴推广。 据笔者调查，在其他行业企业中，其实也存在类似情况。以喷水织机行业为例，废水中污染物通常只有 废矿物油和化学需氧量。当前，这类企业需安装预处理设施，废水达到《污水综合排放标准》中的接管 标准，才能接入污水处理厂。然而，这类企业往往规模较小，环境管理能力偏弱，预处理设施运行维护 不到位，导致自动在线监测系统时常预警"亮红灯"。 事实上，对于喷水织机企业的废水，所含的废矿物油经过简单处理即可去除，化学需氧量指标浓度虽然 偏高，但排入污水处理厂前，经过与其他废水混合稀释，污水处理厂完全能够消化。因此，不妨参照合 肥经开区的做法，由企业与污水处理厂协商，无需预处理，废水直接纳入市政污水管网。 这种协商排放模式会让多方受益。对于企业来说，不用建设和维护预处理设施，不 ...

近年来，江西省新余市金石山矿山公园积极3践行"两山"理论，大力实施"生态修复+文旅融合"工程，累 计投入2.58亿元，通过废弃矿区生态修复、文旅融合产业发展、采矿遗迹保留等措施，将原本占地1278 亩的废弃矿坑蝶变为集绿地、公园、科普等多功能于一体的矿山公园，成功入选江西省国土空间修复典 型案例，并成为长江经济带废弃矿山生态修复的典型样本。 描绘绿色发展底色。金石山矿山公园在生态修复上做到"全面立体"。一是山上和山下共治。山上采取地 形整治、边坡修复等修复方式，植被覆盖率从80%提升至95%。山下采取填筑沟壑、建生态挡墙等治理 措施，控制水土流失，提升土壤质量，确保消除矿山崩岗、滑坡等地质灾害隐患，实现了从"单一复 绿"向"多功能生态系统建构"的转变。 二是山北和山南共治。以废弃矿山为载体，针对山体情况，利用光伏发电实现土地再利用与生态修复， 将清洁能源生产、生态修复和文化旅游创新相融合，既提高了矿山利用率，又增加了矿山的综合开发效 率，为废弃矿山因地制宜修复与产业开发提供了新思路。 三是地上和地下共治。地上通过微地形改造、酸碱中和调节等措施改良土壤，坡面采取穴播、条播等多 种形式恢复植被，平面用作光伏发电。 ...

放眼今日中国，城市面貌日新月异，交通网络四通八达，口袋公园绿意盎然，"推窗见绿、出门见园"成 为触手可及的日常。 伴随着城镇化水平不断提高，城市规模逐步扩大，一些"成长中的烦恼"如城市部分基础设施老化、地上 和地下建设失衡等也随之凸显。中央生态环保督察就曾指出多个城市存在生活污水收集管网严重破损或 缺失、老城区未实现雨污分流等问题。 这些问题的存在，为城市安全平稳运行埋下了隐患。城市生活污水收集处理不到位，黑臭水体整治效果 则难以保证；雨污不分流，内河（湖）便容易在雨天出现污水溢流现象。尤其在全球气候变化加剧、极 端天气频发的当下更是如此，基础设施短板若不能及时补齐，一场暴雨就可能让城市陷入内涝，甚至造 成生命财产的损失。 当前，城市发展正从大规模增量扩张阶段转向存量提质增效为主的阶段。中央城市工作会议在部署重点 任务时指出，要着力建设安全可靠的韧性城市，包括推进城市基础设施生命线安全工程建设、加快老旧 管线改造升级，强化城市自然灾害防治、统筹城市防洪体系和内涝治理等。这些要求，为今后一段时期 的城市工作指明了方向、划出了重点。 要补齐环境基础设施短板，厚植城市高质量发展的绿色底色。环境基础设施是改善生态环境 ...

Core Viewpoint - Gannan Prefecture is committed to ecological protection and green development, focusing on the core function of the "Yellow River upstream water source conservation area" and implementing various policies and regulations to enhance ecological environment protection [1][2][3] Group 1: Ecological Protection Initiatives - Gannan Prefecture has established a leadership accountability mechanism to address ecological issues, ensuring timely rectification of problems identified in the third round of central ecological environmental inspections [2] - The region has implemented 16 policy documents and local regulations to support ecological protection, including the "Tao River Basin Ecological Protection Regulations" and the "14th Five-Year Plan for Ecological Environment Protection" [1] - The creation of 2,341 ecological civilization well-off villages has improved the quality of life for 397,000 farmers and herdsmen, covering 88% of natural villages in the prefecture [1] Group 2: Green Development and Industry - Gannan Prefecture is promoting high-quality development of green industries, focusing on the cultivation of yak, Tibetan sheep, highland barley, and other specialty products, while enhancing the "China Yak Milk Capital" brand [3] - The region has achieved an 85% comprehensive utilization rate of livestock and poultry waste and a 92% utilization rate of straw, fostering a positive cycle between ecological protection and agricultural development [3] - Gannan is advancing clean energy projects, including a pumped storage project with a capacity of 4.2 million kilowatts and an investment of approximately 26.6 billion yuan, while promoting the "photovoltaic + animal husbandry" model [3]

污水处理行业是关乎环境基础设施建设和水污染治理的关键环节，其对气候变化的影响也不容忽略。据 统计，污水处理行业的碳排放占全球总量的2%左右，且呈现逐年上升趋势。面对"双碳"目标，如何在 保障水质达标的同时实现碳减排，成为污水处理行业亟须破解的难题。 当前我国污水处理行业正从单一的污染治理向减污降碳协同的绿色方向转型。近年来，我国已出台多项 政策推动污水处理行业绿色转型。2021年，生态环境部等七部门联合印发《减污降碳协同增效实施方 案》，明确提出要"推进污水处理厂节能降耗，优化工艺流程，提高处理效率"。2023年，《关于推进污 水处理减污降碳协同增效的实施意见》进一步要求"加快制定协同降碳绩效评价标准"，将减污与降碳目 标深度绑定。 过去污水处理厂为追求更高的出水标准，往往通过增加曝气量、投加化学药剂等方式提升处理效率，导 致能耗与碳排放增加。比如执行一级A标准的污水处理厂单位电耗强度比一级B标准高1.5倍，间接碳排 放占比超过50%。当前政策应转向呼吁行业兼顾环境效益与气候责任，探索采用低碳工艺与实现资源化 利用之道，从而打破过去传统的污水处理模式。 开展减污降碳协同增效的探索 三是运行管理存在短板，系统协 ...