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Core Viewpoint - The former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir emphasizes that China's development is unstoppable and that the U.S. tariff policies will ultimately backfire [1][3]. Group 1: U.S.-China Relations - Mahathir argues that the U.S.-China competition is not merely a power struggle but a clash of two development models and international order perspectives [1]. - The U.S. attempts to contain China's rise through tariffs, but historical evidence suggests that such actions often lead to unintended consequences [1][3]. - The trade competition initiated during Trump's administration has accelerated China's technological self-sufficiency, particularly in the semiconductor industry [1]. Group 2: U.S. Economic Impact - Trump's tariff policies have led to increased costs for American businesses, with the U.S. import price index expected to rise by 8.3% year-on-year in 2024, resulting in an average additional expenditure of $1,200 per household [3]. - The U.S. faces a structural shift in the international landscape, with declining trust in U.S. policies among European allies and a collective refusal from ASEAN countries to take sides in the U.S.-China rivalry [3][5]. Group 3: Global Supply Chain and Market Dynamics - The deep integration of global supply chains means that forced decoupling would harm both the U.S. and China, as evidenced by Apple's supply chain reliance on China, which remains at 90% [5]. - Emerging market countries prioritize development opportunities over ideological alignments, as indicated by Indonesia's stance on not choosing between the U.S. and China [5]. Group 4: China's Governance and Technological Edge - China's governance model allows for efficient long-term planning and execution, exemplified by its rapid development of the world's largest commercial 5G network in just five years [3][5]. - In key technological fields like artificial intelligence and renewable energy, China is leading, with 35% of global AI papers published in 2024 and 80% of photovoltaic component production [6]. Group 5: International Order and Cooperation - The international order is undergoing reconstruction, with a growing rejection of U.S. unilateralism, as shown by 120 countries opposing U.S. interference in other nations' affairs [5]. - China's global development initiatives have garnered responses from over 100 countries, indicating a shift towards a more multipolar world [5]. Group 6: Future Outlook - Mahathir warns that the U.S. must reassess its China policy, as reliance solely on containment could accelerate its decline [8]. - The real challenge lies in constructing a fairer international order rather than determining which nation will dominate [8].