美国将钢铝关税税率提高至50%，商务部回应

Core Viewpoint - The increase of tariffs on steel and aluminum imports by the U.S. from 25% to 50% is seen as a unilateral and protectionist action that could disrupt global supply chains and trade, with potential indirect impacts on China's steel exports [2][5]. Group 1: U.S. Tariff Policy - The U.S. has raised tariffs on imported steel and aluminum, with the new rates effective from June 4, 2025, following a history of tariff increases initiated by former President Trump [3]. - The White House's executive order maintains a 25% tariff on steel and aluminum imports from the UK, with potential adjustments based on compliance with environmental policies [3]. Group 2: Impact on China - In 2024, China exported 110.716 million tons of steel, a 22.7% increase year-on-year, but only about 890,000 tons were exported to the U.S., representing 0.8% of China's total steel exports, indicating limited direct impact from the tariff increase [4][5]. - Concerns exist that the U.S. tariff policy may indirectly affect China's steel exports through its impact on downstream industries and the global trade system [5]. Group 3: International Reactions - The tariff increase has faced criticism from Canada, the EU, and Japan, with officials expressing concerns about its legality and potential negative effects on ongoing trade negotiations [5]. - Japan's exports of steel and aluminum to the U.S. are expected to decrease significantly, potentially impacting Japan's GDP growth [5]. Group 4: Domestic Concerns in the U.S. - There are worries among U.S. domestic stakeholders that rising costs of steel and aluminum imports will ultimately be passed on to American consumers [6]. - The OECD has revised down the U.S. economic growth forecast for 2025 and raised inflation expectations, indicating potential economic challenges ahead [6].