IEA国际能源署：2025年世界能源投资报告（英文版）

Global Energy Investment Overview - Global energy investment is projected to reach USD 3.3 trillion in 2025, a 2% increase from 2024, with clean energy investments totaling USD 2.2 trillion, accounting for two-thirds of total investments, while fossil fuel investments are expected to be USD 1.1 trillion [1][21][58] - The uncertainty in economic and trade outlooks has led some investors to adopt a cautious approach towards new project approvals, although spending on existing projects remains unaffected [21][22] Power Sector Investment - The electricity sector is set to receive USD 1.5 trillion in investments by 2025, which is 50% higher than investments in fossil fuel supply [2][24] - Solar photovoltaic (PV) investments are expected to reach USD 450 billion, making it the largest single investment area, with significant contributions from Chinese exports to developing economies [2][25][27] - Battery storage investments are projected to grow to USD 66 billion, while grid investments are lagging behind, with annual spending at USD 400 billion [2][30] Fossil Fuel Supply Dynamics - Investments in fossil fuels are experiencing their first decline since 2020, with upstream oil investments decreasing by 4% and natural gas investments remaining stable [3][31] - Coal investments are expected to grow by 4%, primarily driven by demand in China and India, while low-carbon fuel investments are projected to reach USD 30 billion [3][35][36] Demand Side and Electrification - Investments in electrification and energy efficiency are expected to reach USD 800 billion by 2025, nearly doubling over the past decade, with electric vehicle sales significantly contributing to this growth [4][37] - The building sector is seeing a slowdown in energy efficiency investments due to policy changes, but demand for efficient appliances is rising [4][37] Regional Investment Trends - China leads global energy investments, accounting for nearly one-third of clean energy investments, while the U.S. and Europe focus on grid, storage, and hydrogen energy [5][41] - Developing economies, particularly in Africa, face significant investment imbalances, with Africa only accounting for 2% of global clean energy investments despite having 20% of the world population [5][42] Financing and Innovation - Commercial financing dominates energy investments, making up 75% of the total, while developing economies rely heavily on international public funding [6][44] - Clean energy R&D spending continues to grow, but venture capital investment in energy has declined, with a shift towards AI-related projects [6][49] Summary of Challenges and Path Forward - The report highlights the need for increased investments in renewable energy, grids, and storage to meet net-zero targets, while addressing bottlenecks in policy frameworks and financing [7][50][52]