山东大学张林波等：生态产品价值实现成就彰显中国制度优势

Core Viewpoint - The realization of ecological product value is a key path to implement the concept of "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" and is an important measure to overcome environmental externality issues [1][2]. Group 1: Institutional Advantages - The Central Committee has elevated the realization of ecological product value to a common will and action program for the entire party and nation, emphasizing the enhancement of ecological product production capacity as a vital component of productivity [2]. - Major national strategies have comprehensively arranged the promotion of ecological product value realization, integrating it into national five-year plans and key national strategies such as rural revitalization and carbon neutrality [2]. - New laws, including the Grassland Law and Forest Law, provide legal guarantees for ecological resource protection and compensation, establishing a basic institutional framework for ecological protection compensation [3]. Group 2: People-Centric Approach - The realization of ecological product value significantly contributes to improving people's livelihoods and meeting their expectations for a good ecological environment, reflecting the Party's commitment to serving the people [4]. - The average PM2.5 concentration in cities at or above the prefecture level is projected to reach 29.3 micrograms per cubic meter by 2024, with 90.4% of national surface water quality monitoring points meeting good quality standards [4]. - The principle of benefiting the people through ecology is being implemented through ecological engineering projects and the establishment of ecological positions, which enhance farmers' incomes and improve living standards [4]. Group 3: Concentrated Efforts - The national system's inherent advantages in addressing market failures due to environmental externalities enable the mobilization of social forces to establish a collaborative mechanism for ecological product value realization [5]. - Various pilot demonstrations and practices are being conducted at both national and local levels to promote ecological product value realization, such as the "Lishui Mountain Farming" brand in Zhejiang and the "Forest Ecological Bank" in Fujian [5][6]. - Different industries are actively promoting the transformation of ecological advantages into industrial advantages, integrating ecological elements into agricultural, water conservancy, and financial sectors [6]. Group 4: Reform and Innovation - Establishing a mechanism for ecological product value realization is a pioneering reform task that addresses challenges such as measurement, transaction, and monetization difficulties [7]. - The establishment of a clear property rights system and a diversified ecological protection compensation mechanism is underway, enhancing the operational framework for ecological product development [7]. - Local governments are innovating mechanisms like "ecological banks" and trading systems for forest coverage rates to improve resource utilization and promote ecological capital [7]. Group 5: Future Directions - The successful practices and achievements in realizing ecological product value demonstrate the significant advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics [8]. - There is a need to continue leveraging institutional advantages to develop a sustainable and market-oriented ecological product value realization model, contributing Chinese wisdom and solutions to global environmental issues [8].