中方突然批准稀土出口，释放2个关键信号，既打压对手又稳握筹码

Group 1 - China has implemented export controls on rare earths three times since the end of last year, impacting various industries including electric vehicles, semiconductors, and military sectors, particularly in the United States [1] - The recent issuance of temporary export licenses for rare earths to three major American automakers is seen as a strategic move by China, rather than a complete cessation of supply [5][7] - China's dual objectives are to exert pressure on its competitors to alter their protectionist trade practices while maintaining its dominant position in the rare earth market [9] Group 2 - In response to the U.S. imposing a 34% tariff on Chinese goods, China enacted export controls on seven categories of medium and heavy rare earths in April, which took immediate effect [11] - Key rare earth elements like gadolinium, terbium, and dysprosium are critical for U.S. military applications, with the F-47 fighter jet requiring 8-12 kilograms of rare earths, double that of the F-35 [13] - The U.S. is heavily reliant on China for rare earths, with 83.7% of imports in 2024 coming from China, and a staggering 97% dependency on heavy rare earths [13][19] Group 3 - China controls 90% of global rare earth refining capacity and holds 37 high-purity extraction patents, giving it a significant technological advantage [17] - In 2023, China's rare earth production reached 240,000 tons, accounting for two-thirds of global output, with reserves of 44 million tons, representing 40% of the world's total [19] - The U.S. faces a long road to re-establishing a complete supply chain for rare earths, with estimates suggesting it could take at least 20 years [21] Group 4 - China's strategy of "controlled release" of rare earths aims to keep competitors in a state of dependency, balancing pressure and supply to align with its national interests [23] - To maintain its long-term advantage, China must combat smuggling of rare earth materials and enhance resource recycling, particularly from waste electric motors [25] - The recent adjustments in China's rare earth export policy demonstrate strategic acumen, effectively constraining competitors while solidifying its market dominance [27]