图解特朗普“大漂亮”法案：财政刺激力度、899条款“资本税”、对美债、美元影响有多大？

Core Insights - The "Big Beautiful" bill is projected to add up to $2.8 trillion in deficits over the next decade, but its short-term economic stimulus effect is minimal, with only a 0.2 percentage point increase in growth expected by 2026, turning negative by 2028 [2][16] - The bill features a "discriminatory tax" clause (Section 899) that introduces significant uncertainty for foreign investors holding U.S. assets, potentially increasing their investment costs [7][17] - Morgan Stanley is bearish on the U.S. dollar, predicting a 4-5% decline in the dollar index by the end of 2025, as the era of U.S. economic exceptionalism comes to an end and capital inflows face risks [7][29][31] Fiscal Impact - The bill's deficit growth is front-loaded, with two-thirds of the total deficit occurring between 2025 and 2029 [6] - Additional tax relief measures are concentrated in the early years and will expire by 2028 [10] - Spending cuts will not begin until 2027, with Medicaid cuts peaking only in 2032 [13] Debt Market Implications - The combined effects of tariff revenues and spending cuts have led to a reduction in deficit expectations, alleviating concerns about oversupply in the U.S. Treasury market [18] - The U.S. Treasury has significant flexibility in financing, relying on short-term bills due to low issuance levels and high demand for short-term debt [23] - Risks remain regarding foreign investor behavior, particularly the impact of Section 899 on different maturities of U.S. Treasuries [26] Investment Environment - The investment climate in the U.S. is facing deterioration risks, with the dollar expected to weaken [29] - The end of U.S. economic exceptionalism suggests that future growth will align more closely with the rest of the world, complicating financing for large deficits [29] - The reliance on foreign capital to cover the current account deficit is significant, with portfolio inflows projected to exceed the deficit by 125% in 2024, making the implications of Section 899 particularly concerning for European investors [31][33]