抗蛇毒血清储备问题引关注，为何国内仅一家企业生产

Core Viewpoint - The recent death of a young female tourist in Sanya due to a suspected snake bite has raised concerns about the availability and adequacy of antivenom supply in hospitals, particularly in regions with high incidences of snake bites [1][2][4]. Antivenom Production and Availability - Currently, there is only one company, Sairun Biotech, that produces antivenom in China, with only four types available: for pit vipers, cobras, five-step snakes, and banded krait [6][7]. - In 2024, Sairun Biotech reported a revenue of 158 million yuan from antivenom sales, a slight increase of 1.17% year-on-year, with a production volume of 172,900 vials, up 46.68% from the previous year [7]. Treatment Protocols and Challenges - The treatment of snake bites is highly dependent on the experience of medical professionals, emphasizing the need for timely administration of antivenom based on clinical symptoms rather than waiting for definitive identification of the snake species [3][4]. - The guidelines recommend early and adequate use of antivenom, which is crucial for improving patient outcomes [5][4]. Regional Variations in Antivenom Storage - Hospitals in regions with high snake bite incidents, such as Xiangtan, Guangzhou, and Lishui, maintain stocks of the four types of antivenom based on local snake species prevalence [8][9]. - Some hospitals may not stock antivenom due to high costs, short shelf life, and the financial burden of expired products [10][9]. Public Health Implications - Snake bites are a significant public health issue in China, with an estimated 250,000 to 280,000 cases annually, predominantly affecting individuals over 50 years old [4]. - The lack of awareness and access to proper treatment can lead to severe complications and fatalities, highlighting the need for better public health education and resources [13][12]. Future Developments - There is potential for market growth in antivenom production, as current offerings do not cover all snake species, and additional companies are exploring the development of new antivenoms [13][15]. - Sairun Biotech is currently conducting clinical research on antivenom for viper bites, which could expand treatment options in the future [15][16].