2 1 Shi Ji Jing Ji Bao Dao·2025-06-10 12:03Core Viewpoint - The recent U.S. export restrictions on ethane, primarily aimed at limiting ethylene production, may not effectively restrict supply due to the availability of alternative production methods and diversified capacity in the industry [2][11]. Ethane Production and Export - Ethane is a byproduct of shale gas and oil production, with U.S. ethane production expected to reach 59.2 million tons in 2024, growing at a compound annual growth rate of approximately 7.5% over the past five years [3][5]. - The majority of separated ethane is utilized domestically for ethylene production, with an estimated 48.3 million tons per year, while around 10.2 million tons per year is exported [3][6]. - Major U.S. ethane exporters, Enterprise Products and Energy Transfer, have significant export capacities, with Enterprise Products at 5 million tons per year and Energy Transfer at 1.5 million tons per year [7]. Impact of Export Restrictions - The recent requirement for export licenses has led to the rejection of export applications, including 2.2 million barrels (approximately 130,000 tons) from Enterprise Products [1][6]. - The export restrictions may lead to increased ethane being reinjected into natural gas systems, with an estimated 17.5 million tons expected to be reinjected in 2024 [5][4]. - The restrictions could negatively impact U.S. oil and gas investment returns in the long term, as the industry relies on maximizing economic benefits through exports [2][11]. China's Ethylene Production and Demand - China imports approximately 4.7 million tons of ethane from the U.S. in 2024, which is used solely for ethylene production, accounting for only 7.8% of China's total ethylene output [7][8]. - The majority of China's ethylene production relies on naphtha cracking and coal/methanol routes, which together constitute over 85% of the production methods [8]. Flexibility in Raw Material Sourcing - Chinese ethylene production facilities are designed for raw material flexibility, allowing them to switch to propane, butane, or light naphtha in response to supply uncertainties from U.S. ethane exports [9]. - Ethane cracking is economically advantageous, with lower investment intensity and higher ethylene yield compared to naphtha cracking [10]. Long-term Outlook - The ongoing U.S. export restrictions may inadvertently harm American exporters more than intended, as significant investments have been made in expanding export facilities [11][12]. - A potential resolution to the export restrictions could benefit both U.S. and Chinese companies, aligning with global trade principles and maximizing overall welfare [12].