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Group 1: Conflict Impact on Europe - The ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict has expanded its impact across Europe, with European countries feeling significant pressure despite Russia and Ukraine entering a relative stalemate [1] - European nations have followed the U.S. in imposing sanctions on Russia, but these measures have not effectively weakened Russia and have instead led to severe consequences for Europe [1] Group 2: Energy Dependency - Europe has a deep reliance on Russian energy, particularly in oil and natural gas, which is critical to the economic lifeblood of many European countries [3] - Russia is the world's third-largest oil producer, with a daily output of 10 million barrels, most of which is exported to Europe [3] - Russia's proven natural gas reserves are approximately 48 trillion cubic meters, accounting for one-third of the global total, with significant untapped resources available for future development [3] Group 3: Economic Dynamics - Despite weaknesses in various sectors, Russia generates substantial profits from oil and gas exports, earning significant revenue annually [5] - The cost of natural gas extraction in Russia is only 0.13 RMB per cubic meter, allowing for considerable profit margins even when factoring in infrastructure and transportation costs [6] Group 4: Historical Context - The 1973 oil crisis, triggered by the Fourth Middle East War, allowed oil-exporting countries, including the Soviet Union, to gain substantial economic benefits [6][7] - The Soviet Union earned approximately $300 billion from oil exports by 1984, which funded military and technological advancements [7] Group 5: Current Challenges for Europe - Europe's low self-sufficiency in natural gas, at only 1% of global reserves, makes it heavily reliant on imports, with Russia supplying nearly one-third of its natural gas [13] - Germany's dependency on Russian gas exceeds 50%, complicating efforts to find alternative suppliers [13] - The ongoing conflict has forced Europe to seek higher-priced gas from the U.S., leading to increased energy costs for consumers and public protests against government policies [14]