石窟保护需要科技创新，也需要法治思维

Core Viewpoint - The protection of rock caves, which are significant cultural heritage sites, requires a unique approach that differs from traditional museum artifact preservation due to their exposure to natural elements and human impact [1][4][5]. Group 1: Challenges in Rock Cave Protection - Rock caves face various natural challenges such as weathering, erosion, and human-induced factors like pollution and increased visitor traffic, necessitating a comprehensive protection strategy [4][6][7]. - The geological complexity of rock caves, particularly in northern China, leads to specific deterioration issues that require tailored solutions [6][8]. - New challenges arise from climate change, such as condensation water issues and the introduction of diverse microbial communities due to increased visitor numbers [7][8]. Group 2: Innovative Solutions and Practices - Collaborative efforts with top research teams are underway to develop more effective solutions for the ongoing weathering problem faced by rock caves [6][8]. - The implementation of preventive measures, such as waterproofing projects and structural reinforcements, has shown significant improvements in the stability and safety of rock caves [8][9]. - The integration of advanced technologies, including digital scanning and new protective materials, enhances the precision and effectiveness of preservation efforts [8][11]. Group 3: Legal and Institutional Framework - Strengthening collaboration between legal authorities and cultural heritage protection departments is essential for effective monitoring and enforcement of preservation laws [10][12]. - The establishment of a multi-faceted protection system that combines technological innovation with legal safeguards is crucial for addressing the complexities of rock cave preservation [11][12]. - There is a need for more detailed regulations and standards governing rock cave protection to ensure accountability and effective management [13]. Group 4: Future Directions and Community Involvement - The future of rock cave protection hinges on enhancing public awareness and engagement, encouraging visitors and communities to actively participate in preservation efforts [13]. - The development of a robust legal and technical framework will support long-term sustainability in rock cave conservation [13]. - Emphasizing the cultural significance of rock caves can foster a sense of national pride and responsibility towards their preservation [12][13].