“稳定工作”正在消失，我们还剩下什么？

Core Viewpoint - The gig economy represents a shift towards flexible, short-term, and task-oriented work, often facilitated by internet platforms, highlighting the trade-off between job security and freedom [1][2][4]. Group 1: Characteristics of the Gig Economy - The gig economy is characterized by short-term, platform-based work, contrasting with traditional long-term employment that offers stability and benefits [4][5]. - There is a significant difference between various gig worker groups, such as digital nomads and delivery workers, in terms of work style and living conditions [2][7]. - The rise of gig work reflects broader societal changes, with many workers experiencing instability and a lack of formal contracts or protections [5][6]. Group 2: Historical Context and Evolution - The emergence of unstable employment in the West can be traced back to the decline of welfare state policies and the rise of neoliberalism since the 1980s [5]. - In China, the transition from a state-controlled economy to a market-oriented one has led to a significant increase in informal and unstable employment, with nearly 80% of workers lacking formal contracts and social security [5][6]. - The gig economy is not a new phenomenon but rather a re-emergence of historical labor structures that prioritize flexibility over stability [5][6]. Group 3: Social Implications and Identity - The identity and social perception of gig workers differ significantly from traditional white-collar and blue-collar workers, with gig workers often facing social stigma and identity anxiety [9][10]. - The narrative surrounding gig work often romanticizes freedom and flexibility, yet many gig workers experience a loss of agency and are trapped in repetitive labor cycles [11][12]. - The concept of "working identity" plays a crucial role in social relationships, with gig workers often struggling for recognition and acceptance in society [17][18]. Group 4: Future Considerations and Policy Implications - The gig economy's growth necessitates a rethinking of social safety nets and labor protections, as traditional employment models become less viable [25][26]. - There is a call for new social distribution mechanisms, such as Universal Basic Income (UBI), to support individuals in a labor market that cannot guarantee stable employment for all [25][26]. - The need for a shift in societal values towards recognizing non-market labor, such as caregiving and community service, is emphasized as essential for social cohesion [26][35].