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「户外风口」上的伯希和,「始祖鸟平替」没有护城河
Sou Hu Cai Jing·2025-06-17 01:29

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the challenges faced by the outdoor brand 伯希和 (Bershka) in establishing a competitive advantage in a rapidly growing market, highlighting its reliance on online channels and lack of a solid "moat" [2][30]. Industry Overview - The outdoor sports market in China is booming, with participation expected to exceed 450 million by 2024, creating a trillion-yuan business opportunity [2]. - Major international brands like The North Face, Decathlon, and domestic players like Anta are aggressively expanding in the Chinese market [2]. Company Performance - 伯希和's revenue reached 1.766 billion yuan in 2024, with a net profit of 304 million yuan, marking a nearly 37-fold increase in net profit since 2019 [9]. - The brand's online sales accounted for 76.5% of its total revenue, indicating a heavy reliance on e-commerce [9]. Market Position - In terms of market share, 伯希和 holds 1.7%, while competitors like 骆驼 (Camel) and 凯乐石 (Kailas) have 5.5% and 1.6% respectively [3][5]. - The brand's growth is notable, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 127.4% from 2022 to 2024 [5]. Channel Strategy - 伯希和 has focused primarily on online sales, with limited physical store presence, having only 14 direct stores and 132 joint stores by the end of 2024 [9][10]. - Competitors like 骆驼 and 凯乐石 utilize a dual-channel strategy, combining online and offline sales to enhance brand visibility and customer experience [6][10]. R&D and Manufacturing - The company has faced criticism for its declining R&D expenditure as a percentage of revenue, dropping from 3.58% in 2022 to 1.78% in 2024 [17]. - 伯希和 outsources its manufacturing to OEM/ODM suppliers, raising concerns about quality control, as evidenced by over 450 complaints regarding product quality [19]. Competitive Landscape - The outdoor market is becoming increasingly crowded, with over 335,000 companies entering the space, leading to intensified competition [10]. - Brands like 始祖鸟 (Arc'teryx) and 迪桑特 (Descente) have established strong R&D capabilities and brand prestige, making it difficult for 伯希和 to compete on innovation and quality [11][14]. Brand Perception - 伯希和 has attempted to position itself as a high-performance outdoor brand but has faced challenges due to its brand name association with a notorious figure, which has led to mixed perceptions [22][23]. - The brand's marketing strategy has focused on celebrity endorsements rather than establishing a strong presence in outdoor sports communities [25][26]. Future Outlook - The outdoor market is projected to continue growing, potentially doubling in size to 215.8 billion yuan by 2029, but many brands may face consolidation or elimination in the coming years [29][30].