人类能否长出“第三副”牙齿？（一线探访）

Core Viewpoint - A "tooth revolution" is underway at King's College London, where a research team aims to enable humans to regrow teeth after damage, moving away from reliance on artificial materials like metal implants and dentures, and instead utilizing biological methods through stem cells and bioengineering environments [1][2]. Group 1: Research and Development - The research team, led by Professor Anna Wölponi and Dr. Zhang Xuechen, is focused on simulating natural tooth development processes, inspired by species like sharks that can continuously replace their teeth [1][2]. - The development of teeth relies on interactions between oral epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells, involving stages such as the cap stage and bell stage, ultimately forming enamel and dentin [2]. - The team has created an innovative biomimetic material that supports the growth of human "third set" teeth, which mimics the three-dimensional structure and biological signaling pathways necessary for tooth development [2][4]. Group 2: Technological Innovations - The new biomimetic material, developed in collaboration with Imperial College London, allows for better control of physical and mechanical properties, enhancing the efficiency and controllability of generating tooth organoids in vitro [2][4]. - Traditional materials used in dental implants have limitations in their physical properties, while the new materials can facilitate cell interactions and guide their development, representing a significant breakthrough [2][4]. Group 3: Future Prospects - Although the team has successfully cultivated tooth-like tissues in the lab, they have not yet fully replicated a complete human tooth, indicating ongoing challenges in achieving stable cultivation of functional teeth [3][4]. - Future methods for regenerating teeth may include transplanting young regenerative tooth buds to grow in the mouth or cultivating complete teeth in the lab for implantation [4]. - Experts believe that advancements in gene editing and biomaterials could redefine dental medicine and enhance human regenerative capabilities, potentially leading to lifelong tooth replacement [4].