瑞士央行降息至零利率，能否破解通缩魔咒？

Group 1 - The Swiss National Bank (SNB) has lowered its policy interest rate from 0.25% to 0% as part of a series of rate cuts initiated in March 2024, reflecting high uncertainty in the global economic outlook and anticipated economic slowdown [1][2] - The SNB projects inflation rates of 0.5% for 2026 and 0.7% for 2027, both lower than previous expectations, while GDP growth is forecasted to be between 1% and 1.5% in 2025 [1] - The Swiss franc has appreciated approximately 9% against the US dollar since the beginning of 2025, prompting the SNB to adopt a loose monetary policy to mitigate the impact of currency appreciation on export competitiveness and domestic prices [1][3] Group 2 - The shift from tightening to easing monetary policy is observed globally, with significant divergence in inflation expectations and economic recovery among major economies, influencing their respective monetary policies [2] - Central banks may prefer quantitative easing (QE) or fiscal-monetary coordination over simple rate cuts, with zero or negative interest rates being utilized under specific conditions such as deflation or excessive currency appreciation [2] - The SNB's rate cuts may increase global market liquidity, potentially pressuring other countries to adjust their interest rates to maintain capital stability [3] Group 3 - Long-term low interest rates could lead to significant capital inflows into real estate and stock markets, risking asset price bubbles that may destabilize financial markets if they burst [4] - Lower interest rates may compress financial institutions' profit margins, affecting their profitability and potentially impacting the stability of the financial system [4] - The SNB's efforts to alleviate the appreciation of the Swiss franc through rate cuts could lead to volatility in global currency markets if other economies adopt similar measures [4]