大桥开通前，怎样做“体检”？（记录中国）

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the load testing of major bridges in China, specifically the Changtai Yangtze River Bridge and the G3 Tongling Yangtze River Public-Rail Bridge, highlighting the importance of load tests as a final inspection before these bridges can be opened for traffic [2][6]. Group 1: Load Testing Overview - Load testing is described as an essential "final inspection" for large bridges, similar to road tests for new vehicles, ensuring that the bridge meets design requirements for strength and stiffness [3][7]. - The load testing process includes static load tests and dynamic load tests, aimed at identifying any potential flaws that may not have been detected during construction [3][4]. Group 2: G3 Tongling Bridge Load Testing - The G3 Tongling Yangtze River Public-Rail Bridge underwent a two-step load testing process, starting with a static load test using over 200 heavy trucks totaling 9,000 tons, applied in a staged manner to observe structural responses [4][5]. - The dynamic load test consists of three types: uniform speed tests, brake tests at critical points, and "bouncing" tests to assess the bridge's stability and comfort under various conditions [5][6]. Group 3: Importance of Load Testing - Load testing data serves as a critical basis for the bridge's acceptance and creates an initial "health record" for future monitoring of structural integrity over time [6][7]. - According to national regulations, new or significantly reinforced large bridges must pass load tests before being opened to traffic, especially for complex structures like the G3 Tongling Bridge and major urban transport arteries [7].