又一场“中美争霸”！脑机接口我国能否后来居上？

Core Viewpoint - The competition between China and the United States in the field of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) is intensifying, with significant advancements in clinical trials and technology from both countries [1][19]. Group 1: Clinical Trials and Technological Advancements - China's first invasive brain-computer interface clinical trial was announced by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, making it the second country globally to enter this phase [1]. - The Shanghai Brain-Computer Interface Clinical Trial and Transformation Key Laboratory successfully conducted its first human trial, following successful animal trials where monkeys controlled computer cursors using neural activity [2][3]. - The invasive BCI system used in the trial is noted for its small size and flexibility, with a cross-sectional area only 1/5 to 1/7 of Neuralink's electrodes, and a diameter of 26mm, making it the smallest invasive BCI implant globally [4][5]. Group 2: Future Applications and Patient Impact - Future trials aim to enable subjects to control robotic arms and other complex devices, potentially improving the quality of life for patients with severe spinal injuries and other conditions [3]. - The BCI technology has shown promising results, with a patient who lost limbs due to an accident able to play computer games within weeks of receiving the implant [2]. Group 3: Market Dynamics and Investment Trends - The number of clinical trials in China has surged, with 31 BCI-related trials registered in 2024, nearly three times that of 2023, indicating a rapid growth trend [12]. - Investment in China's BCI sector is becoming more active, with significant funding events occurring, including a notable 350 million yuan financing round for a domestic BCI company [15]. - Despite advancements, there remains a funding gap compared to the U.S., where Neuralink has raised over $1 billion, highlighting the competitive landscape [15][16]. Group 4: Regulatory and Supportive Measures - The Chinese government has introduced new pricing guidelines for BCI services, signaling strong support for the industry [13]. - The establishment of the first BCI medical insurance data research center in China aims to integrate clinical and insurance data, further supporting the development of BCI technologies [13].