拉美发展面临三重挑战

Core Insights - The Human Development Index (HDI) in Latin America and the Caribbean has been declining since 2010 due to weak economic growth and increasing geopolitical tensions [1] - Despite a reduction in poverty from 48% in 2000 to 25% in 2023, the middle class remains unstable, with 31% of the population at risk of falling back into poverty [1] - The region faces new challenges including technological lag, deepening social divides, and severe climate change impacts [1] Technological Progress - Only 2% of the population in Latin America has access to 5G networks, compared to 28% in developed economies [1] - High-income households have internet access that is twice as likely as that of low-income households [1] Social Development - Social division has become a prominent feature in the region, with political polarization index reaching 3.3, significantly higher than other regions [1] - Trust in government has decreased from 43% in 2008 to 30% in 2023, leading to a rise in anti-establishment figures [1] Climate Change - The average surface temperature in the Americas is projected to rise by 2.3 degrees Celsius by 2024 compared to the 1951-1980 average [1] - Natural disasters such as droughts and floods are expected to decrease productivity and increase mortality rates, with 28% of the population facing threats to food and water security [1]