别小看中国女人，“太空材料之母”到底有多强？一度让美国惊慌

Core Viewpoint - Lin Lanying's return to China and her contributions to the semiconductor and aerospace industries significantly advanced China's technological capabilities, particularly in semiconductor materials and space applications [1][3][12]. Group 1: Return to China - In 1956, Lin Lanying received an invitation to return to China, offering a monthly salary of 207 yuan, which was half of Mao Zedong's salary at the time [1]. - After completing her paperwork, she faced challenges at U.S. customs, where she had to defend her possession of two small bottles containing her research materials [3][5]. - The two bottles contained 500 grams of single crystal germanium and 100 grams of single crystal silicon, valued at over $200,000, which were crucial for China's semiconductor research [5][6]. Group 2: Achievements in Semiconductor Research - Upon returning to China, Lin Lanying led her team to overcome significant challenges in semiconductor material research, relying on her experience and the two precious materials she brought back [6]. - Within a year, her team successfully developed China's first single crystal germanium and later the first semiconductor radio, marking the establishment of China's semiconductor research system [6][8]. - Lin Lanying's return was delayed for a year due to her being considered a key talent in the U.S., highlighting her importance in semiconductor research [8]. Group 3: Breakthroughs in Aerospace - In the 1980s, Lin Lanying focused on utilizing microgravity environments in space to grow gallium arsenide single crystals, which are vital for high-performance electronic devices [10]. - In August 1987, her team successfully conducted the world's first space growth experiment of gallium arsenide single crystals using China's ninth return satellite, garnering international attention [10]. - This achievement marked China's advancement to an internationally competitive level in semiconductor technology and significantly contributed to the development of optical and high-speed electronic devices [10][12]. Group 4: Legacy and Impact - Lin Lanying's research not only fostered self-reliance in space materials but also made substantial contributions to China's aerospace industry [12]. - In her later years, she focused on nurturing scientific talent, particularly encouraging the growth of female scientists and promoting gender equality in education and research [12][13]. - Her contributions have left a lasting impact on China's semiconductor and aerospace sectors, demonstrating the irreversible nature of her achievements [13].