美国加关税，欧盟强硬反制，这次欧洲为何不忍了？

Group 1 - The article discusses the escalating trade conflict between the US and the EU, initiated by Trump's announcement of a 25% tariff on €30 billion worth of EU goods, including electric vehicle batteries and solar panels [5][19]. - The EU's response includes tariffs on American products such as whiskey and peanut butter, and threats to limit SpaceX's Starlink services, marking a significant shift from previous passive reactions to US trade policies [5][8]. - The historical context of the trade conflict dates back to 2018 when Trump imposed tariffs on EU steel and aluminum, citing national security, which the EU initially accepted with limited retaliation [8][9]. Group 2 - The EU's previous strategy of compromise revealed its dependency on the US market, particularly in the automotive sector, which limited its ability to respond effectively to US tariffs [9][11]. - The situation escalated with the Biden administration's Inflation Reduction Act, which incentivized US-made products, forcing European automakers to invest in US production facilities to remain competitive [14][15]. - By 2022, the trade deficit between the US and the EU reached €236 billion, with increasing restrictions on technology exports from the US to the EU, further straining relations [18]. Group 3 - The EU's patience reached its limit in 2021, leading to a more aggressive stance against US tariffs, particularly as the economic impact of these tariffs became more pronounced [13][34]. - The article highlights the EU's strategic retaliation, targeting key US industries and products to maximize political impact, such as bourbon from Kentucky and orange juice from Florida [36][37]. - The ongoing trade conflict is characterized by a mutual economic detriment, with both sides suffering from disrupted supply chains and increased costs, illustrating the complexities of global trade relationships [36][38].