“躁郁症”，是“天才病”吗？

Core Points - The article discusses the prevalence and challenges of diagnosing and treating bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, highlighting its emotional fluctuations and the importance of proper treatment [16][20][49]. Group 1: Prevalence and Diagnosis - A nationwide epidemiological survey indicated that the prevalence of bipolar disorder in China is approximately 0.5%, translating to over 7 million individuals affected [21]. - In Shenzhen, the prevalence is notably higher at 1.5%, attributed to its younger population [23]. - The peak age for onset is between 15-19 years, with the highest disability rates occurring between 25-29 years [23]. Group 2: Misdiagnosis and Treatment Challenges - The misdiagnosis rate for bipolar disorder can exceed 90%, primarily due to the difficulty in identifying manic or hypomanic episodes [27]. - Over 50% of patients discontinue medication without medical advice within six months, indicating poor treatment adherence [28]. - The article emphasizes that bipolar disorder requires distinct treatment approaches compared to unipolar depression, as antidepressants may not be effective and can even worsen symptoms [73][69]. Group 3: Impact of Bipolar Disorder - Untreated bipolar disorder can lead to significant life challenges, including low educational attainment and employment rates, with less than 20% of patients maintaining stable jobs [54]. - The risk of suicide among individuals with bipolar disorder is 10 to 30 times higher than that of the general population, highlighting the critical need for effective treatment [58]. Group 4: Treatment Approaches - The primary treatment for bipolar disorder is pharmacological, aimed at addressing the underlying physiological changes in the brain [78]. - Long-term treatment adherence is crucial, as the disorder tends to be chronic and recurrent, with a significant portion of patients experiencing relapses [76]. - The article suggests that maintaining a stable treatment regimen can help patients lead fulfilling lives, including marriage and family [77].