这些国家坐拥金山银山，但穷得像乞丐

Group 1 - The article discusses the paradox of resource-rich African countries that remain impoverished due to poor management and governance [5][47][51] - Zimbabwe is highlighted as a case where despite its rich mineral resources, it lacks significant mining operations due to inadequate institutional frameworks and fragmented mining rights [6][9][10] - The mining rights system in Zimbabwe is described as opaque and inefficient, leading to overlapping claims and discouraging long-term investments [11][14][30] Group 2 - The article emphasizes the importance of stable policies and legal frameworks for attracting mining investments, contrasting successful countries like Australia and Canada with many African nations [15][16][17] - Mali's abrupt changes in mining laws and government actions against companies illustrate the risks investors face in the region [19][20][25] - The concept of "resource curse" is introduced, explaining how abundant resources can lead to economic instability and poor governance in African countries [47][49][51] Group 3 - The article points out that Congo (DRC) possesses vast mineral wealth but suffers from ongoing conflict and weak governance, making it a challenging environment for investment [39][41][46] - The narrative of "resource curse" is further reinforced by the observation that governments often exploit resources for personal gain rather than for national development [48][49][53] - The conclusion stresses that the fate of resource-rich countries depends on their ability to establish transparent governance and legal systems, rather than the mere presence of resources [51][54][55]