从实验室到生产线：中国在三结钙钛矿电池领域的突破

Core Viewpoint - The emergence of three-junction perovskite solar cells represents a significant technological revolution in the photovoltaic industry, with the potential to greatly enhance solar energy efficiency and reduce production costs [1][3][27]. Group 1: Technological Breakthroughs - The efficiency of perovskite materials has dramatically increased from 3.8% in 2009 to 26.81% currently, showcasing rapid advancements in photovoltaic technology [1]. - Chinese researchers have developed three-junction perovskite solar cells with a theoretical efficiency of 51%, surpassing the traditional silicon cell's theoretical limit of 33.7% [3]. - The production cost of three-junction perovskite cells is expected to be 50% lower than that of traditional silicon cells, enabling innovative applications such as flexible and semi-transparent solar panels [3][27]. Group 2: Innovations by Chinese Scientists - Chinese scientists have addressed three major technical challenges in developing efficient and stable three-junction perovskite cells, including material stability, current matching, and process compatibility [26][29]. - The introduction of small cations like rubidium and cesium has successfully mitigated the phase separation issue in wide-bandgap perovskite materials [26]. - The optimization of bandgap levels in the stacked layers has allowed for better current matching, enhancing overall cell performance [26]. Group 3: Performance and Industrialization - The highest efficiency achieved for the perovskite/silicon three-junction cells is 27.1%, significantly exceeding traditional silicon cell efficiencies [27]. - These cells have demonstrated excellent stability, maintaining 88.5% of their initial efficiency after 1000 hours at 85°C, indicating their reliability for real-world applications [29]. - Progress has been made in scaling up production, with successful fabrication of cells larger than 1 square centimeter while maintaining high efficiency, paving the way for industrial production [29]. Group 4: Future Outlook - The development of three-junction perovskite cells is expected to reshape the global photovoltaic market, with projections indicating a market size reaching hundreds of billions by 2030 [29]. - China holds over 40% of global patents in this field, positioning itself to transition from a follower to a leader in photovoltaic technology [29]. - Future research will focus on enhancing efficiency, scaling production, and improving stability, with particular attention to developing flexible solar cells for diverse applications [31][33].