为终结烟草流行贡献中国力量（大健康观察）

Core Viewpoint - The global smoking rate has significantly decreased from 22.3% to 16.4% between 2007 and 2023, marking a 26% relative decline, yet over 7 million people still die annually from tobacco-related diseases [3][4]. Group 1: Global Tobacco Control Progress - The World Health Organization's MPOWER measures have seen substantial adoption, with the number of countries implementing at least one measure increasing from 44 in 2008 to 155 in 2024, covering over 6.1 billion people [3]. - Graphic health warnings on cigarette packaging have made notable progress, with 56% of countries implementing such warnings by 2024, covering approximately 5 billion people, or 62% of the global population [4]. - The report emphasizes the need to expand graphic warnings to all tobacco products and to enforce plain packaging regulations to combat misleading marketing [4]. Group 2: Challenges in Tobacco Control - The emergence of electronic cigarettes and innovative marketing strategies by the tobacco industry pose new challenges for tobacco control efforts [5][6]. - In 2023, tobacco use resulted in approximately 7.36 million deaths globally, with a significant portion occurring in low- and middle-income countries [5]. - Over 30 million adolescents aged 13-15 are reported to be using tobacco products, with around 12 million using e-cigarettes in countries where surveys were conducted [5]. Group 3: China's Tobacco Control Efforts - China's smoking rate has decreased to 23.2% in 2024, down 0.9 percentage points from 2022, reflecting steady progress in tobacco control [7]. - The implementation of smoke-free regulations in 254 cities has protected 229 million people from secondhand smoke, with the exposure rate dropping from 76.3% in 2015 to 46.5% in 2024 [7][8]. - Public support for smoke-free policies has reached a historical high, with over 90% of the population favoring legislation to ban smoking in indoor public spaces [8]. Group 4: Economic Impact of Tobacco Use - Tobacco-related diseases impose a significant economic burden, with costs reaching 15.2 trillion yuan in 2018, surpassing the 1.16 trillion yuan in tobacco tax revenue [9]. - Enhancing tobacco tax rates and protecting the public from secondhand smoke could significantly advance global tobacco control efforts [9]. Group 5: Youth Engagement in Tobacco Control - Youth are increasingly recognized as vital agents of change in tobacco control, with innovative initiatives being implemented in schools to raise awareness about tobacco hazards [10][12]. - Creative approaches such as debates, theme speeches, and social media campaigns are effectively promoting smoke-free culture among young people [12].