欧盟、澳大利亚、巴西探索加强未成年人社交媒体使用管理—— 安全上网，促进青少年“数字健康”（国际视点）

Core Viewpoint - The increasing use of social media among teenagers presents both opportunities for engagement and significant challenges related to mental health, privacy, and exposure to harmful content, prompting calls for regulatory measures and educational initiatives across various countries [1][2][3]. Group 1: Social Media Usage and Impact - A study by the World Health Organization revealed that the percentage of teenagers facing issues due to improper social media use rose from 7% in 2018 to 11% in 2022, with an additional 12% at risk of gaming addiction [1]. - In Germany, over 93% of teenagers aged 10 and above use social media, spending an average of 95 minutes daily, with 33% unable to imagine life without it [2]. - In Sweden, police warned that criminal gangs are using social media to recruit minors for illegal activities, with some recruits as young as 11 [2]. Group 2: Regulatory Measures in Europe - Many EU countries are implementing strict age restrictions for social media use, with most platforms prohibiting registration for children under 13, and requiring parental consent for minors [3]. - The EU's "algorithm ban" under the Digital Services Act prohibits personalized advertising to minors and automatic playback features to mitigate addiction risks [3]. - Germany is exploring AI systems to assess user age based on profile information and interactions, automatically converting accounts of identified minors to "teen accounts" with content restrictions [4]. Group 3: Australia’s Legislative Actions - Australia has enacted the 2024 Cybersecurity (Minimum Age for Social Media) Amendment, banning social media use for individuals under 16, with penalties for platforms failing to comply [6]. - The Australian government is collaborating with industry experts to ensure effective implementation of age verification technologies [6]. - The "Head Up Alliance," formed by concerned parents, supports the new legislation aimed at protecting children's mental health from social media's adverse effects [7]. Group 4: Brazil's Approach to Online Safety - In Brazil, a significant portion of teenagers openly shares personal information on social media, raising privacy concerns [8]. - Brazil's Internet Civil Framework and General Data Protection Law require parental consent for collecting minors' data, with new legislation proposed to enhance online safety measures [8][9]. - Schools in Brazil are incorporating cybersecurity education into their curricula to help teenagers recognize and manage social media risks [9].