“关税大限”将至，美国与各方谈得咋样了？

Core Points - The article discusses the ongoing trade tensions initiated by the Trump administration, highlighting the imposition of tariffs and the subsequent negotiations with various countries [1][23][28] - It emphasizes the challenges faced by the U.S. in achieving its ambitious goal of reaching 90 agreements within 90 days, with only a few countries having reached any agreements so far [1][28] Group 1: U.S. Trade Strategy - The Trump administration's strategy involves high tariffs and extreme pressure tactics to force concessions from trade partners [1][10] - The U.S. has only reached agreements with a limited number of countries, including the UK, China, Vietnam, and Cambodia, falling short of the target set by trade advisor Navarro [1][2][28] Group 2: China's Response - China has firmly opposed unilateral trade protectionism and has implemented a series of countermeasures, including tariffs and export controls on rare earth materials [2][4] - A significant agreement was reached on May 12, where both the U.S. and China agreed to reduce tariffs by 91% on each other's goods, marking a rare instance of mutual tariff reduction [2][4] Group 3: U.K. Trade Agreement - The U.K. was one of the first countries to reach a trade agreement with the U.S., but the deal is criticized for lacking substance and failing to address key issues like steel and aluminum tariffs [6][10] - The agreement is seen as largely symbolic, with experts noting that the U.K. made significant concessions without achieving meaningful outcomes [6][10] Group 4: Vietnam's Trade Deal - The trade agreement with Vietnam is viewed as highly unequal, with the U.S. imposing a 20% tariff on Vietnamese goods while granting zero tariffs on U.S. products [7][10] - Economic analysts predict that this deal could negatively impact Vietnam's GDP growth by 0.8% to 1.3% [7][10] Group 5: EU's Stance - The EU has adopted a strong stance against U.S. tariffs, demanding reductions in existing tariffs and preparing for potential retaliatory measures [11][14] - The EU is ready to impose tariffs on U.S. goods worth up to €210 billion if negotiations fail, indicating a serious commitment to countering U.S. trade policies [14][27] Group 6: Japan's Negotiation Challenges - Japan has engaged in multiple rounds of negotiations with the U.S. but has not reached a satisfactory agreement, particularly regarding auto tariffs and agricultural market access [15][16] - The negotiations have stalled due to significant differences in tariff expectations, with the U.S. demanding a 25% tariff on Japanese cars [15][16] Group 7: Other Economies' Responses - Canada and South Korea have also faced challenges in negotiations, with Canada recently retracting a digital services tax to appease U.S. demands [20][22] - South Korea's negotiations are complicated by existing free trade agreements, leading to slow progress [22][20] Group 8: Global Trade Implications - The ongoing trade war is expected to have significant negative impacts on the U.S. economy, including increased consumer costs and decreased competitiveness [24][25] - The World Trade Organization has downgraded its global trade growth forecast, indicating a broader impact on international trade dynamics [27][28]