15年了，美国的稀土国产化，为什么搞不定？

Group 1 - The article highlights the long-standing dependence of the United States on China for rare earth elements, despite recognizing the risks associated with this reliance over 15 years ago [1][3]. - U.S. efforts to reduce this dependence began in earnest with the trade war initiated by Trump in 2018, focusing on securing the rare earth supply chain [8]. - The U.S. has invested heavily in domestic rare earth production, particularly through companies like MP Materials, but these efforts have not yielded the desired results in terms of refining and processing technology [10][12]. Group 2 - The U.S. government has attempted to collaborate with foreign companies, such as Lynas from Australia, to establish rare earth processing facilities in the U.S., but progress has been slow and often stalled [12]. - Despite significant investments, including over $400 million from the Department of Defense, the U.S. has struggled to achieve effective outcomes in its rare earth initiatives [12][14]. - The technological gap in rare earth processing remains a critical issue, with U.S. capabilities lagging behind China's in terms of purity levels, which are essential for high-tech applications [14][16]. Group 3 - The development of the rare earth industry in China has been a result of decades of investment and strategic planning, leading to a market share exceeding 90%, contrasting sharply with the U.S.'s inconsistent policy approach [16]. - The article suggests that U.S. companies may prefer short-term financial gains over long-term investments in rare earth research and development, complicating efforts to build a sustainable domestic industry [16].