专家说 | 关税政策对企业财务报告的影响

Core Viewpoint - The evolving U.S. tariff policy, particularly regarding trade with China, has significant implications for global trade dynamics and necessitates that Chinese enterprises understand the impact of tariffs on their competitiveness and financial stability [1]. Group 1: Financial Reporting Implications - Companies should assess the current economic environment and tariff policies' effects on their accounting practices and financial reporting [2]. - Management must carefully evaluate how tariffs influence forward-looking financial information (PFI), including cash flow forecasts and potential impacts on discount rates due to uncertainties caused by tariffs [3]. - Increased import costs due to tariffs may necessitate impairment assessments for assets if companies cannot pass on these costs to customers [4]. - Companies should consider whether changes in customer contract prices due to tariffs should be treated as variable contract consideration or contract modifications [5]. - When tariff obligations are uncertain, companies should apply relevant guidelines for contingent liabilities to recognize and measure tariff-related liabilities [6]. - Post-balance sheet date changes in tariff policies are typically non-adjusting events but may require disclosure to prevent misleading financial statements [7]. - Internal controls over financial reporting should be evaluated to address significant misstatement risks arising from the current economic environment and tariff considerations [8]. - Companies need to estimate their effective tax rate for interim reporting periods and apply this rate to calculate cumulative income tax expenses [9]. - Financial statement disclosures will vary based on the impact of the current economic environment, including tariffs, on business operations [10]. Group 2: Challenges and Opportunities - The changing tariff landscape presents both challenges and opportunities for companies, necessitating close monitoring of policy changes [13]. - Increased export costs are squeezing profit margins in industries reliant on the U.S. market, leading to dual challenges of profit compression and demand shrinkage [16]. - Compliance burdens are heightened due to the removal of tax exemptions for small goods, increasing cross-border e-commerce operational costs [16]. - Supply chain restructuring is required as inventory costs rise and delivery cycles extend [16]. - Companies are diversifying their supply chains by implementing a "China +1" strategy, relocating capacity to lower tariff regions such as Southeast Asia or Mexico [16]. - Inventory management strategies should be evaluated, including the feasibility of pre-importing goods before tariffs are fully implemented [16]. - Companies are encouraged to explore domestic market expansion or new international markets, such as the EU or ASEAN Free Trade Area [16]. - Transfer pricing models may need reassessment if tariffs significantly impact cross-jurisdictional cost structures or profits [16].