脑机接口一百年

Core Insights - The article discusses the advancements in brain-computer interface (BCI) technology, highlighting Neuralink's recent breakthroughs and the historical context of BCI development [1][17][21]. Historical Development - The exploration of brain-machine interfaces began in the early 20th century, with Hans Berger capturing brain waves in 1924, which laid the groundwork for future research [4][6]. - The term "brain-computer interface" was first introduced in 1973 by Jacques Vidal, marking a significant milestone in the field [7][14]. - The first successful application of BCI technology occurred in 1988 with the development of the P300 speller, allowing paralyzed patients to communicate using brain waves [10][14]. Technological Advancements - Neuralink has developed a system that utilizes flexible electrodes implanted in the brain, significantly reducing damage compared to traditional rigid electrodes [19][21]. - As of June 2025, Neuralink has successfully implanted its N1 chip in seven patients, enabling them to control devices using their thoughts [21][28]. - The article outlines three main types of BCIs: invasive, semi-invasive, and non-invasive, each with its own advantages and challenges [24][26]. Current Applications and Future Prospects - BCI technology is transitioning from clinical applications for severe physical disabilities to commercial uses, such as brain-controlled games and health monitoring [28]. - The article emphasizes the potential for BCI technology to enhance human capabilities, but also raises concerns about accessibility and ethical implications [32][30]. Challenges Ahead - Despite advancements, BCI technology faces challenges such as immune responses to implants, the complexity of decoding brain signals, and the need for efficient data transmission [30][32]. - Ethical concerns regarding privacy and the potential for socioeconomic disparities in access to BCI technology are highlighted as significant issues for the future [32][30].