超颖电子IPO：关联交易异常、资金募集用途存疑、研发投入不足的“三重考验”

Core Viewpoint - The company, Chaoying Electronics, is facing significant challenges as it seeks to go public, including slowing profit growth, questionable related-party transactions, and high debt levels, raising concerns among investors and the market [1][2][3]. Financial Performance - Chaoying Electronics has shown steady profit growth from 2022 to 2024, with net profits of 141 million, 266 million, and 276 million yuan respectively [2]. - The company's net profit growth is projected to slow to 3.78% in 2024 [1]. Related-Party Transactions - There are notable discrepancies in related-party transactions, particularly in pricing. For instance, the price for double-sided boards sold to the parent company was 606.32 yuan/㎡, while the average price for other customers was 678.13 yuan/㎡ [2]. - The company's subsidiary in Seychelles reported a net profit of 129 million yuan in 2023, a 70% increase from 2021, raising suspicions of profit shifting through transfer pricing [2]. Debt and Financial Health - The company's debt-to-asset ratio has increased to 72.83% in 2024, marking a five-year high and significantly above industry averages [4]. - Short-term borrowings surged to 1.726 billion yuan in 2024, nearly doubling from the previous year, primarily due to funding needs for a factory in Thailand [6]. - Accounts payable also rose sharply from 1.153 billion yuan to 2.038 billion yuan, reflecting increased obligations related to the factory's construction [7]. Revenue Sources and Risks - Over 80% of the company's revenue comes from international markets, with export revenues accounting for 81.89%, 81.67%, and 82.77% from 2022 to 2024 [7]. - The company benefits from a 13% export tax rebate, but potential reductions in this rate could adversely affect profitability [7]. Fundraising and R&D Concerns - Chaoying Electronics plans to raise 660 million yuan, with 39.4% earmarked for working capital and debt repayment, raising concerns about the legitimacy of its fundraising intentions [8]. - The company's R&D expenditure as a percentage of revenue is below 4%, with rates of 3.07%, 3.34%, and 3.27% from 2022 to 2024, which is lower than industry peers [8][10]. Competitive Landscape - The PCB industry is highly competitive, with approximately 1,500 manufacturers in China. Chaoying Electronics ranks in the lower tier, with a revenue significantly less than leading competitors like Pengding Holdings, which reported 35.14 billion yuan in 2024 [10].