欧盟《太空法案》剑指星链霸权：太空版GDPR或将“布鲁塞尔效应”扩展至外太空？

Core Points - The European Commission has proposed the EU Space Act, marking the first attempt to regulate the space economy at a supranational level, driven by the 2024 Draghi report emphasizing the importance of space for citizen services and EU security [1][2] - The proposal aims to establish unified technical rules for certain aspects of space activities, including safety, cybersecurity, and environmental sustainability, while excluding areas like operator liability and resource utilization [1][2] Group 1: Regulatory Framework - The EU Space Act represents a paradigm shift in the aerospace industry, setting new standardized standards for safety, resilience, and sustainability, drawing heavily from the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) [2] - The act will apply not only to EU-based space service providers but also to non-EU operators providing space services within the EU, indicating the EU's intent to exert global influence [2][6] Group 2: Market Integration - The act addresses the need for regulation in high-risk activities like satellite launches and operations, particularly as space traffic management and debris pollution become more pressing issues [3][4] - The proposal includes a freedom of movement clause, prohibiting member states from imposing stricter standards on space data and services unless justified by objective necessity [5] Group 3: Global Influence and Compliance - The act's broad applicability aims to ensure fair competition and prevent non-EU operators from exploiting more lenient regulations in their home countries, reflecting the EU's ambition to set global standards [6][7] - This regulatory approach, termed the "Brussels Effect," may encourage companies to comply with EU standards to avoid the costs associated with separating EU and non-EU products and services [7] Group 4: Enforcement Mechanism - Space operators will need authorization to conduct activities and must register in the EU Space Objects Register (URSO), with different legal regimes for EU and non-EU operators [8][9] - National authorities will be responsible for approving and supervising EU-based operators, with significant investigative and sanctioning powers similar to those under GDPR [9][10] Group 5: Future Implications - The EU Space Act's execution mechanism is designed to avoid the pitfalls of GDPR's enforcement issues, with the European Commission overseeing compliance for non-EU operators [9][11] - If the act's framework survives the legislative process, the EU could emerge as a leading regulatory body in the space economy, akin to its role in digital technology [11]